Viscoelasticity and birefringence of polyisoprene

The complex Young's modulus, E^*(ω), and the complex strain-optical coefficient, O^*(ω), which is the ratio of the birefringence to the strain, were measured for polyisoprene (PIP) over a frequency range of 1 ～ 130 Hz and a temperature range of 22 ～ ?100°C. The imaginary part of O^*, O″, was positive at low frequencies and negative at high frequencies. The real part, O′, was always positive and showed a maximum. The complicated behavior of O^* could be understood by the assumption that E^* = E_R^* + E_G^* and O^* = C_RE_R^* + C_GE_G^*, where E_R^* and E_G^* were complex quantities and C_R and C_G were constants. The C_R value, equal to the ordinary stress-optical coefficient measured in the rubbery plateau zone, was 2.0 × 10^?9 Pa^?1. The C_G value, defined as the ratio O″/E″ in the glassy zone, was ?1.1 × 10^?11 Pa^?1. The E_G^*, which was the major component of E^* in the glassy zone, showed almost the same frequency dependence as that of polystyrene and polycarbonate. The E_R^*, which was dominant in the rubbery zone, was described well by the bead-spring theory. The temperature dependence of the E_G^* was stronger than that of the E_R^*. This difference caused the breakdown of the thermorheological simplicity for E^* and O^* around the glass-to-rubber transition zone. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

粘结平面对称分叉裂纹的奇异积分方程数值解

本文对一个含分叉裂纹的弹性半平面与另一不同材料的半平面粘结的问题用复势方法化为一组三个复Caucby型奇异积分方程。采用修正的Gauss-Legendre和修正的Lobatto-Legendre数值求积法则化成一代数方程组,裂纹尖端的应力强度因子值可从代数方程组的解求得。本文计算得到了弹性半平面、刚体与弹性半平面相粘结、两种不同材料的弹性半平面相粘结的三种问题的几种几何形状的对称分叉裂纹的应力强度因子。本文的结果扩充了“应力强度因子手册”的内容。     

螺纹联接动载荷强度计算公式的探讨

该文以柴油机的连杆螺栓联接(非标准件)为例,在微机上用动力有限元方法对螺栓各圈螺牙的载荷分布,螺栓的静、动应力分布进行了计算与研究。提出了较材料力学经验公式精确的既简单又实用的螺纹联接的动载荷强度计算公式。     

PHASE INVERSION AND ITS MECHANICAL MODEL STUDIES FOR THE TWO-PHASE POLYMER BLEND SYSTEMS (Ⅱ)——DYNAMIC VISCOELASTIC RESPONSE

The dynamic viscoelastic response of the two-phase polymer blend systems shows the characteristics of the thermorheologically complex materials. In this paper theoretical equations for describing the dynamic viscoelastic response of such polymer blend systems have been established by means of the mechanical modeling technique. The dynamic viscoelastic response of the blend systems at any blend composition can be predicted theoretically by using the equations established, provided that the dynamic viscoelastic response of the two pure components and the mechanical model parameters are known in advance. Thus, we provide an effective method for studying the dynamic mechanical properties and the molecular relaxation characteristics of the two-phase polymer blend systems.     

Diffusion coefficients from stopped-flow gas chromatography

Summary Mutual diffusion coefficients of two gases A and B can be determined in an empty gas chromatographic column by letting component B enter at an intermediate position of the column and continuously flow through a part only of it, as a carrier gas. The other component A is injected in a small amount instantaneously at the closed end of the column with the detector placed at the other end. By repeatedly stopping and then restoring after a short time the flow of B, narrow extra peaks are produced on the chromatographic elution curve, owing to diffusion of A into B. An equation is derived giving the area under the curve of each stop-peak as a function of time of the corresponding stop. Plotting the experimental data according to this equation permits the determination of the diffusion coefficient of A into B. Some results obtained by this method show negligible variations with changes in the experimental parameters.     

Mono- and diboronates derived from tridentate ONO ligands and arylboronic acids

The syntheses of eight [4.3.0] heterobicyclic boronates containing a N → B coordinative bond are described. The monomeric compounds were prepared by reaction of arylboronic acids with a tridentate ligand having the ONO donor set of atoms. It was shown that substituents at the para-position of the B-phenyl moiety transmit electronic effects to the CN bond which in turn is polarized by formation of the N → B coordination bond. At the same time, related tridentate ligands were also reacted with 1,4-benzenediboronic acid in order to prepare benzene diboron complexes. The structure of this type of compounds was confirmed by X-ray analysis for one of the derivatives.     

高速磁浮车-轨耦合系统动态机理与振动响应

对高速磁浮车-轨耦合系统进行动态机理和振动响应研究。首先,对高速磁浮中的各类耦合关系进行建模;其次,分别分析了动态和静态条件下的车-轨耦合作用机理;然后,建立了高速磁浮车-轨耦合动力学有限元模型;最后,对磁浮列车高速通过桥梁时轨道梁、功能件的动力响应和车-轨共振速度进行分析。结果表明：高速运行时车-轨作用频率不同,长时间共振速度下运行时车-轨振动明显增大;若桥梁动力放大系数小于1.2,则基频比最小值为1.16;若桥梁动力放大系数小于1.3,则基频比最小值为1.04。     

动态可控残差卷积神经网络的低剂量 CT 图像处理

针对计算机断层扫描(Computed Tomography, CT)中因采用低剂量扫描方式,导致图像噪声伪影干扰,尤其 是不同部位噪声和伪影强度存在较大差异这一问题,提出了一种基于动态可控残差的卷积神经网络(DC-ResNet) 算法。 DC-ResNet 的主要思想是在常规残差网络连接中添加一个图像质量指导的控制变量,以允许获取残差的加 权和,从而实现残差特征的动态可控。 所设计的 DC-ResNet 网络是一种包括两个子网络的组合型结构,一个是作 为主干网络的基础子网络,在该子网络中使用全局动态残差块和局部动态残差块来实现低剂量 CT 图像质量的提 高;另一个是作为辅助网络的条件子网络,用来生成基础子网络中不同动态可控残差块的权值,辅助基础子网络的 学习。 通过 Mayo 与 UIH 数据实验验证,其视觉结果表明:处理后的不同部位 CT 图像噪声伪影均能够得到较好的 抑制,并能有效地保留结构细节及组织纹理;量化结果表明:处理后的 CT 图像峰值信噪比( Peak-Signal to Noise Ratio, PSNR)和结构相似性(Structure Similarity, SSIM)均优于对比方法。     

适用于DC/DC 变换器的预测函数控制优化策略

针对使用预测函数控制(Predictive Function Control, PFC)的 DC / DC 变换器在负载切换时产生的扰动对变 换器响应速度有较大影响的问题,提出通过设计观测器观测扰动来优化预测函数控制算法的控制效果;相对于其 他提高系统抗扰动的方法,通过设计观测器来提高变换器抗扰动的方法的优点是实现简单、优化后控制效果好等; 设计 Luenberger 观测器对负载切换时产生的扰动进行观测,将观测值反馈给预测函数控制算法进行最优化分析, 并结合仿真结果对目标函数进行调整,优化后的目标函数能更好地响应扰动并尽快达到稳态;最后将优化后的控 制算法与 PI 双闭环控制方法进行比较,结果显示优化后的控制算法在受到扰动后比双 PI 控制方法动态性能更 好,实现了应对负载切换时提高系统动态性能的目标,增强了 DC / DC 变换器的抗干扰能力;优化后的算法只考虑 了负载切换时的扰动对于系统其他方面的扰动没有考虑进去,可以通过设计整个系统的观测器来进一步提高 DC / DC 变换器抗扰动的能力。     

General constructions of biquandles and their symmetries

Biquandles are algebraic objects with two binary operations whose axioms encode the generalized Reidemeister moves for virtual knots and links. These objects also provide set theoretic solutions of the well-known Yang-Baxter equation. The first half of this paper proposes some natural constructions of biquandles from groups and from their simpler counterparts, namely, quandles. We completely determine all words in the free group on two generators that give rise to (bi)quandle structures on all groups. We give some novel constructions of biquandles on unions and products of quandles, including what we refer as the holomorph biquandle of a quandle. These constructions give a wealth of solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation. We also show that for nice quandle coverings a biquandle structure on the base can be lifted to a biquandle structure on the covering. In the second half of the paper, we determine automorphism groups of these biquandles in terms of associated quandles showing elegant relationships between the symmetries of the underlying structures.