Tone features in whispered Chinese

Study on the whispered tone is important to speech recognition and conversion in whispered Chinese. In this paper, the characteristics of whispered speech are introduced and the tone features in whispered Chinese are discussed. There is no fundamental frequency in the whispered speech, so other features, such as the amplitude envelope, duration, glottal area, lip area, forrnant, and vocal tract length, are extracted and their contributions to the automatic tone recognition are compared. From the experiments with six simple Chinese whispered vowels in four tones, it is proved that loudness-weighted 32 Mel-frequency bands log-amplitude envelopes and duration can be used as the main tone features in the whispered Chinese tone recognition. The average tone recognition rate approaches that of the human perception level.     

益阳话轻重音的声学实验分析

文章从实验语音学的角度 ,通过语音的声学实验 ,从音长、音色、音高等方面对益阳话轻重音的物理声学特征进行了分析。研究表明 ,轻读音节能量较弱 ,是音长、音色、音高等因素综合变化的结果     

燃烧法合成纳米长余辉发光材料BaAl2O4: Eu, Nd

目的：应用快速简便的方法制备纳米新型长余辉发光材料。方法：首次利用金属硝酸盐和络合还原剂发生氧化还原反应，燃烧合成了蓝绿色纳米级长余辉发光材料BaAl2O4:Eu,Nd，生成的材料进行了XRD和TEM分析，结果：材料粒子直径为30－70nm，平均为40nm左右，与此同时，发光材料的发射峰位置发生了显著的蓝移。结论：燃烧法是制备纳米发光材料的快速有效的方法。     

久期在债券利率风险度量中的应用及修正

介绍了不可能赎回债券的麦考莱久期；通过分段考虑贴现率，给出了麦考莱久期两种有效修改形式。     

普通野生稻和9516剑叶光合功能衰退过程的比较

本文比较了普通野生稻 (Oryza .sativaL .f.spontaneaRoschev .)和粳稻品种 95 16 (O .sativaLvar.95 16 )光合功能衰退的进程 .研究发现 95 16剑叶在一生中叶绿素含量和光合速率都高于普通野生稻 ,前者剑叶的光合速率最高值 2 3.5 μmolCO2 m-2 ·S-1,而普通野生稻的剑叶光合作用的最高值为 15 .5 μmolCO2 m-2 ·S-1且 95 16光合作用的高值持续期比野生稻的高值持续期长近 2 0d .95 16剑叶的叶源量是野生稻剑叶的 2 .8倍 .在光合功能衰退过程中 ,核酮糖 1,5 -二磷酸羧化 /加氧酶的羧化酶活性没有太大区别 .内肽酶活力上升迟于光合功能衰退过程 .在光合功能衰退的早期 ,内肽酶的活力有小幅度提高 ,但到叶片衰老的末期则有较大幅度的提高 .这说明衰退的早期内肽酶的作用不大 ,只是到了后期即不可逆期内肽酶才可能发挥较大作用 .     

局间通信负荷监控问题的形式化方法

利用最新时段演算等理论，形式化负荷监测功能的告警原理和组合输出问题，并进行必要的形式化推导，以确保规范说明具有可理解性和准确性．还给出了实现监控的核心算法．     

泵浦光波形和脉宽对飞秒激光对比度的影响

 采用宽带数值模型，应用四阶龙格-库塔数值算法对三波耦合方程进行数值分析，研究了泵浦光的波形和脉宽在提高光参量啁啾脉冲放大系统输出飞秒激光对比度的作用。结果表明：在泵浦光脉宽较小的条件下，采用平滑的泵浦光波形更有利于提高飞秒激光对比度；在泵浦光脉宽较宽时，飞秒激光对比度得到很好地提高，而对泵浦光波形不敏感；但继续提高泵浦光脉宽并不能进一步改善飞秒激光对比度，而系统的转换效率却显著降低。     

Effect of the surface-modifying macromolecules on the duration of the surface functionalization

Functionalization of polystyrene films by the preferential surface enrichment of surface-modifying macromolecules (SMM) to achieve a hydrophilic surface with long effective duration is described. The comb-like amphiphilic copolymers (PKG-g-PS) based on styrene-maleic anhydride copolynier (SMA) backbone was synthesized by esterification of SMA with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). When PEG-g-PS was melt blended with polystyrene, the preferential surface enrichment of PEG-g-PS was much evident resulting in the large increase of the surface polarity. The effective duration of the surface functionalizatoin was also hugely extended as SMMs were added into the blends. Furthermore, more polyether chain segments on PEG-g-PS could selectively migrate to the surface by the inducement of polar solvent. Compared with the PEG-g-PS/PS and PEG/PEG-g-PS/PS blends, the surface polarity and the effective duration of surface modification both increased greatly when PEG-g-PS was used as the compatibilizer of PEG/PS blends. It was an effective solution to balance the conflict between the duration and efficiency of the surface-modifying additives.     

带相依利率结构风险模型的破产持续时间

在利率具有二阶自回归相依结构,同时考虑到保费、理赔支付时间的离散时间风险模型下,得到了在停时T,保险公司在初始准备金为u时,破产持续时间的分布的递推公式.     

西沙蒸发量的时间变化特征及与日照时间和近地面风速的关系

用中国西沙站1962-2004年月蒸发量、日照时间和近地面风速资料,分析了西沙各季节蒸发量的时间变化特征及其与日照时间、近地面风速变化的关系。结果表明:西沙春、夏和冬季蒸发量以年代际变化方差占优,年际变化方差次之;秋季蒸发量的年际变化方差和年代际变化方差相当。四季蒸发量年代际变化与近地面风速、日照时数的年代际变化都有显著的正相关。而蒸发量的年际变化仅与日照时数的年际变化有显著的正相关。四季蒸发量减弱的变化趋势是由近地面风速的减弱和太阳辐射的减少造成的。