Calculation and Optimization of the Effective Extinction Cross Section of the Spherical Cold Obscuring Smoke

The smoke is often generated in the battlefield by the smoke ammunition to protect the personnel and equipment against the enemy's optoelectronic systems. The effective extinction cross section is an important parameter of the infrared smoke ammunition. In this paper, the relationships between the effective extinction cross section of a cloud of spherical smoke and the mass of the smoke agent, the radius of the screening smoke and the mass extinction coefficient are discussed. The expressions of the maximal effective extinction cross section is derived. This research will help us to achieve optimal design of the smoke ammunition and to appropriately evaluate the effectiveness of the smoke. Examples are given for two kinds of obscurants.     

含稀土的23Cr型双相不锈钢的高温变形行为

利用Gleeble-3500热力模拟试验机在950~1200℃,应变速率为0.1~10s-1条件下进行了含稀土的23Cr型双相不锈钢的热压缩变形,获得了流变曲线,建立了热变形方程,分析了变形组织。结果表明:在流变曲线上既存在峰值应力也有稳态应力;在高温低应变速率条件下,峰值应变减小。上述变形条件下,试验钢的热变形激活能Q=436kJ/mol,表观应力指数n=3.91,热变形方程为:ε=2.41×1016[sinh(0.012σs)]3.91exp (-436000/RT)。奥氏体的动态再结晶在试验钢的动态软化机制中起主导作用且随着温度的升高和应变速率的降低越来越充分;而大应变下,铁素体的软化主要表现为较充分的动态回复。稀土元素影响了热变形时两相中Mo元素的再分配是稀土改善双相不锈钢高温塑性的重要原因之一。稀土使Mo在铁素体中浓度较低温度下降低,高温下升高;而奥氏体相中,使得Mo浓度在较低温度下升高而高温下降低。     

信息化弹药检测虚拟实践教学的研究与实践

为解决信息化弹药检测教学缺乏方法和手段的问题,提出了信息化弹药检测虚拟实践的概念,介绍了信息化弹药检测虚拟实践系统的开发流程和总体结构。应用表明,弹药检测虚拟实践教学效果良好,具有传统的实物弹药检测实践无法比拟的优点,对信息化弹药检测人才培养具有重要促进作用。     

22Cr双相不锈钢钝化膜组成及其半导体性能研究

借助于Mott-Schottky方程分析了成膜电位、成膜时间、成膜温度以及氯离子等因素对22Cr双相不锈钢在碳酸氢钠/碳酸钠缓冲溶液中所成钝化膜半导体性能的影响, 同时借助于X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术分析了所成钝化膜的组成. 结果表明: 22Cr双相不锈钢在碳酸氢钠/碳酸钠缓冲溶液中所成钝化膜呈n-p型半导体结构, 钝化膜内施主/受主密度随成膜电位增加、成膜时间延长、成膜温度降低、以及介质中氯离子浓度的降低而减小, 同时膜对基体保护作用随这些因素变化而增强. 钝化膜的XPS分析表明, 钝化膜呈现双层结构, 外层膜主要由三价铁的氧化物(Fe2O3)组成, 内层膜主要由三价铬氧化物(Cr2O3)以及少量二价铁氧化物(FeO)组成.     

Sol–gel Al2O3/ZrO2 duplex films for protection of a γ-TiAl based alloy against high temperature oxidation

Al₂O₃/ZrO₂ duplex films were deposited on a γ-TiAl based alloy by sol–gel processing starting from aluminum isopropoxide (Al(OC₃H₇)₃) and zirconium (IV) oxychloride octahydrate (ZrOCl₂ · 8H₂O) as raw materials. Isothermal oxidation at 900 and 1,000 °C in 0.1 MPa O₂ and cyclic oxidation at 1,000 °C in air of the coated and uncoated specimens were performed to investigate the effect of the duplex films on the oxidation behavior of the γ-TiAl alloy. The results of the isothermal oxidation tests indicated that the parabolic rate constants of the alloy were decreased due to the applied thin film. Additionally, the present film exhibited a beneficial effect on the cyclic oxidation resistance of the alloy in air. The duplex film could restrain the growth of TiO₂, causing an increase of the Al₂O₃ content in the oxide mixture and thus decreased the oxidation rate.     

节镍型双相不锈钢研究概况

概述了节镍型双相不锈钢材料的分类、特点、制备工艺及国内外发展应用状况,讨论了以Mn/N、Mn替代Ni对双相不锈钢性能的影响,提出了当前研究中发现的问题、未来研究及发展的方向。     

An Evaluation of Primer Preseating in Small Caliber Cartridge Production

This work presents the findings of a study to quantify the relative effectiveness of the primer preseating operation in small caliber cartridge production. In theory, primer preseating would enable cartridge stamping tools to achieve deeper stamping penetration depths and subsequently, greater primer retention forces. This is because, with preseating incorporated in the existing small caliber cartridge production process, a cartridge stamping tool would be fully dedicated to performing the case stamping operation (rather than the simultaneous primer seating and case stamping operations it currently performs). The findings presented in this work include measured percentages of total stamping tool force dedicated to primer seating, stamping tool penetration depths with and without primer preseating and primer retention forces with and without primer preseating. These findings and their underlying principles were produced through a static force equilibrium analysis and finite element modeling and simulation studies.     

三螺旋脱氧核糖核酸的研究进展

阐述了三螺旋DNA的发展和最新动态,并从3个方面展开评述：(1)三螺旋DNA稳定性的研究。三螺旋DNA的稳定性不仅取决于寡聚核苷酸的内在结构,还受外界环境如溶液的pH值、阳离子的种类和价态、DNA分子嵌入试剂和共聚物等的影响;(2)三螺旋DNA的应用。三螺旋DNA的形成为基因操纵和基因疗法提供了新方法,它在抑制DNA转录、复制、基因定点诱变、定点切割和诱导基因重组等方面有重要的应用前景;(3)三螺旋DNA的检测方法,包括紫外-可见吸收光谱法、荧光分析法、原子力显微术和顺磁共振谱等。     

熔模铸造双相不锈钢铸件缺陷分析及解决措施

针对铸件容易产生的充型不完整和产生气孔的缺陷,采用熔模铸造法试制双相不锈钢铸件.结果表明,通过控制金属液出炉温度和模壳温度并在铸件凝固时强化冷却,能防止上述缺陷的产生.应用试制工艺生产的铸件外观质量良好.     

超声波对纸板用大豆蛋白胶黏剂性能的影响

研究了超声波辅助尿素改性大豆蛋白黏接单面涂布白板纸的最佳工艺。单因素试验和正交试验结果表明:处理温度对改性大豆蛋白胶的胶黏强度影响最大,依次是尿素浓度、蛋白质质量分数和处理时间,超声处理时间影响最小,改性后胶黏强度有所提高。最佳工艺条件:加热起始温度60℃、尿素浓度5 mol/L、蛋白质质量分数14%、处理时间3 h、超声处理时间20min,测得其胶黏强度为0.78513MPa。