Modeling and analysis of a marine plankton system with nutrient recycling and diffusion

This article describes a nutrient‐phytoplankton‐zooplankton system with nutrient recycling in the presence of toxicity. We have studied the dynamical behavior of the system with delayed nutrient recycling in the first part of the article. Uniform persistent of the system is examined. In the second part of the article, we have incorporated diffusion of the plankton population to the system and dynamical behavior of the system is analyzed with instantaneous nutrient recycling. The condition of the diffusion driven instability is obtained. The conditions for the occurrence of Hopf and Turing bifurcation critical line in a spatial domain are derived. Variation of the system with small periodicity of diffusive coefficient has been studied. Stability condition of the plankton system subject to the periodic diffusion coefficient of the zooplankton is derived. It is observed that nutrient‐phytoplankton‐zooplankton interactions are very complex and situation specific. Moreover, we have obtained different exciting results, ranging from stable situation to cyclic oscillatory behavior may occur under different favorable conditions, which may give some insights for predictive management. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 229–241, 2015     

初中化学“主题式项目化学习”的理念与实践*

初中化学“主题式项目化学习”是学生在主题情境中,从先前项目经验中汲取灵感,对真实且具有内在联系的驱动型任务进行深入探究的学习方式。“主题式项目化学习”的各个项目不是独立的,而是具有层层递进的内在联系,并被整合进一个主题情境中。不同项目之间的“相似性”为学生提供了迁移和应用知识的机会,而“相异性”又迫使学生审慎思考知识的适用范围。新旧项目的不断交互串联起了学生的学习历程,使经验连续生长、认知不断发展。     

Real-World Forward Rate Dynamics With Affine Realizations

We investigate the existence of affine realizations for Lévy driven interest rate term structure models under the real-world probability measure, which so far has only been studied under an assumed risk-neutral probability measure. For models driven by Wiener processes, all results obtained under the risk-neutral approach concerning the existence of affine realizations are transferred to the general case. A similar result holds true for models driven by compound Poisson processes with finite jump size distributions. However, in the presence of jumps with infinite activity we obtain severe restrictions on the structure of the market price of risk; typically, it must even be constant.     

Mechanical C−C Bond Formation by Laser Driven Shock Wave

Mechanically induced C−C bond formation was demonstrated by the laser driven shock wave generated in liquid normal alkanes at room temperature. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis revealed the dehydrogenation condensation between two alkane molecules, for seven normal alkanes from pentane to undecane. Major products were identified to be linear and branched alkane molecules with double the number of carbons, and exactly coincided with the molecules predicted by supposing that a C−C bond was formed between two starting molecules. The production of the alkane molecules showed that the C−C bond formation occurred almost evenly at all the carbon positions. The dependence of the production on the laser pulse energy clearly indicated that the process was attributed to the shock wave. The C−C bond formation observed was not a conventional passive chemical reaction but an unprecedented active reaction.     

Fe76Si7.6B9.5P5C1.9合金带的纵向巨磁阻抗效应

利用单辊快淬法制备宽0.35 mm,厚0.033 mm的Fe76Si7.6B9.5P5C1.9非晶薄带,具有明显的纵向巨磁阻抗效应,最大磁阻比达到754%.氮气保护条件下进行热处理的样品,最大阻抗比和灵敏度都有明显提高,440℃退火1 h的样品最大阻抗比达到1 196%,灵敏度为715%/(A·m-1).     

内燃机独立供能系统的性能实验

基于能量综合梯级利用理论提出了一种全新的能量供给系统形式——内燃机独立供能系统.介绍了系统的工作原理和特点.建造了实验样机,介绍了实验样机的系统组成.利用实验样机进行了详细的发动机性能实验、余热回收利用实验和内燃机独立供能系统总体特性实验.研究结果表明:所选用发动机具有较好的性能,能够满足内燃机独立供能系统的使用要求;设置的余热回收利用系统能够有效地回收发动机工作过程中产生的余热,随着发动机转速的提高,余热回收量增加,但余热利用率下降;系统总体性能较好,有较高的COP和COPz,系统的一次能源利用率大部分都在1以上,说明系统具有优越的变工况运行性能和较高的能源综合利用效率.     

缩比模型轮胎转速对整车风阻影响分析

在缩比模型风洞试验中,若车轮转速设置与气体来流相同,会使轮胎旋转角速度倍增,导致缩比模型设计难度增大,同时试验中的不稳定因素也会增加,因此需要对缩比模型风洞试验中轮胎转速对风阻的影响进行分析,以探究轮胎降转速试验的可行性。本文基于某MPV车型,通过风洞试验及计算流体动力学（CFD）仿真方法对轮胎转速对整车风阻的影响进行分析,结果表明：轮胎转速对风阻测试结果有影响;缩比模型车轮速度设定与来流相同时,缩比模型与全尺寸风阻结果更一致。     

基于多DSP的车轮外形磨耗动态检测系统

针对矿井绞车车轮外形磨耗动态检测问题,构建了由线状光源、CCD、多DSP图像处理子系统等组成的系统.对于车轮磨耗图像的获得和外形曲线的提取,重点阐述了多DSP处理系统在绞车车轮外形磨耗实时检测中的设计问题.车轮外形的提取采用了一种梯度边缘检测算法来实现,并给出了磨耗值计算的变换矩阵.初步试验表明该系统的检测误差不大于0.3 mm.     

A novel rigid wheel for agricultural machinery applicable to paddy field with muddy soil

The working performance of agricultural machinery is largely determined by the walking performance of the wheel when driving in complex unstructured soil. However, the driving performance of existing wheels is not satisfactory for paddy field with muddy soil. The purpose of the current study is therefore to propose a novel rigid wheel for agricultural machinery which is applicable to paddy field with muddy soil. Firstly, a novel arc edge shaped wheel was designed based on the principles of mechanics on the ground. Then the driving performance of this arc edge shaped wheel was evaluated using FE modeling of interaction between rigid wheel and soil. Finally, the structure originally designed arc edge shaped wheel was improved according to FE modeling results, and this improved design was further evaluated by both FE simulation and prototype experiments. Both FE modeling and experimental results indicate that the improved arc edge shaped wheel proposed in this study has a good driving performance with regarding to wheel sinkage and soil reaction force. The proposed arc edge shaped wheel could be used as an effective component of rice harvester for paddy field with muddy soil.     

一种轿车车轮应力状态测量与分析方法

基于台架应变测试试验方法,研究轿车车轮在疲劳试验中的应力状态。结果表明:车轮的径向疲劳试验时,轮胎会对车轮的载荷产生较大的影响,轮胎与转鼓的挤压变形以及正反转动都会对车轮的应力状态产生影响;车轮径向疲劳试验时,最大应变出现在轮辋与轮胎接触位置沿车轮圆周方向,而在靠近轮心位置的应变较小;车轮弯曲疲劳试验时,最大应变出现在轮辐靠近轮心的位置,最大应变出现在轮辐的长度方向;不同的载荷对车轮应变的变化规律并没有影响,但是会对最大和最小峰值产生影响。