泥水盾构施工废弃泥浆对同步注浆材料性能的影响

泥水盾构施工会产生大量废弃泥浆,传统的抛弃堆放不但污染环境且占用土地资源。依托南京长江新济洲供水廊道项目泥水盾构工程,针对江底盾构施工中的废弃泥浆,开展了将其应用于同步注浆材料的可行性研究。通过室内试验,研究了泥浆固水比、膨润土替代率和废弃泥浆黏粒含量对注浆材料性能的影响,同时对比分析了新配制膨润土泥浆和废弃泥浆对注浆材料性能影响的差异。结果表明：增大泥浆固水比,可使砂浆凝结时间缩短、强度增大、泌水率和体积收缩率降低,但会导致砂浆流动性变差。相比于新配制膨润土泥浆,废弃泥浆制备的砂浆具有更优的流动性能,但存在泌水率偏大和强度偏低的问题。采用废弃泥浆替代部分新配制膨润土泥浆,则能够有效控制砂浆的泌水率增大和强度降低的问题,同时使砂浆的流动性能大幅提高;废弃泥浆黏粒含量对砂浆性能影响相对较小,一定程度上表明了使用不同地层废弃泥浆制备的砂浆性能差异不大,故无须随地层变化而对砂浆配比进行较大调整,便于实际工程施工应用。     

非金属微粉低密度水泥浆的制备

低密度水泥浆可解决低压易漏井固井时水泥浆漏失的难题,但由于其水泥石抗压强度低、体积收缩大,严重影响了固井质量和油井寿命.用外掺法在水泥颗粒空隙中添加非金属微粉,降低水泥石的孔隙率和收缩率,并提高其抗压强度.研究结果表明,与相同密度(1.4 g/cm3)掺有漂珠的低密度水泥浆相比,掺有非金属微粉的低密度水泥石的抗压强度显著提高,水化1 d后有害孔率降低了72.4%,7 d体积收缩率降低了58.9%,水泥浆的工程性能基本满足固井施工的技术要求.     

固化疏浚泥作为填方材料的试验研究

港口、航道的建设和维护工程产生了大量的疏浚泥，如何处理这些疏浚泥已是国内外十分关注的问题．从资源的再生利用出发，提出利用固化材料固化疏浚泥作为填方材料的设想，并通过强度试验、溶出试验等一系列试验证实，固化疏浚泥作为填方材料在技术经济指标上完全可行．     

改性化工污泥与煤的成浆性及燃烧性分析

选取两种方法对化工污泥进行改性并研究改性后的污泥添加量对污泥水煤浆(S-CWS)成浆性、流变性和燃烧性的影响,从而获得制备高浓度污泥水煤浆的工艺参数.结果表明:选用Na OH对污泥进行改性制备出的污泥水煤浆成浆性较好;改性污泥添加量在10%~20%,可以得到成浆性良好的污泥水煤浆;添加改性污泥的污泥水煤浆较普通水煤浆的燃烧性能增加.     

Mathematical modeling of a slurry reactor for DME direct synthesis from syngas

In this paper,an axial dispersion mathematical model is developed to simulate a three-phase slurry bubble column reactor for direct synthesis of dimethyl ether(DME) from syngas.This large-scale reactor is modeled using mass and energy balances,catalyst sedimentation andsingle-bubble as well as two-bubbles class flow hydrodynamics.A comparison between the two hydrodynamic models through pilot plantexperimental data from the literature shows that heterogeneous two-bubbles flow model is in better agreement with the experimental data thanhomogeneous single-bubble gas flow model.Also,by investigating the heterogeneous gas flow and axial dispersion model for small bubblesas well as the large bubbles and slurry(i.e.including paraffins and the catalyst) phase,the temperature profile along the reactor is obtained.Acomparison between isothermal and non-isothermal reactors reveals no obvious performance difference between them.The optimum values ofreactor diameter and height were obtained at 7 m and 50 m,respectively.The effects of operating variables on the axial catalyst distribution,DME productivity and CO conversion are also investigated in this research.     

刮片式制冰蓄冷性能的实验研究

对刮片式动态冰浆制取系统进行实验研究,分析系统的能效比和蒸发器进出口温度、冷凝器进出口温度以及冷凝水和盐溶液流量曲线变化。研究结果表明:对制冷量为20kW的刮片式制冰装置,盐溶液有1.5℃的过冷度,随着盐溶液浓度越高其冰点越低,系统的能效系数最高达到1.9,有利于制冰蓄冷节能。     

KNO3体系中离子液体辅助水煤浆电解脱硫

在稳流条件下,考察了KNO₃体系中离子液体辅助煤浆电解脱硫效果.研究了煤浆电解过程中离子液体结构、浓度、温度和时间对脱硫率的影响.当咪唑类离子液体有机结构相同时,不同阴离子脱硫率由高到低顺序为:Br^- >BF₄^- >Cl^-;当阴离子同为Br^-时,咪唑脱硫效果优于吡啶.随着吡啶类离子液体([BPy]Br)浓度增加,脱硫率先增加,在0.3 mol/L处达到最大值,而后下降.此外,脱硫率随温度和时间增加而增大.最后,通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析技术对实验前后煤中有机硫形态进行了分析.结果表明,噻吩主要通过萃取-氧化反应脱除,而其他形式有机硫(如硫醚、亚砜)则主要通过促进氧化及水解反应脱除.     

Determination of zinc in marine/lacustrine sediments by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry using Pd/Mg chemical modifier and slurry sampling

Effectiveness of Pd/Mg chemical modifier for the accurate direct determination of zinc in marine/lacustrine sediments by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) using slurry samples was evaluated. A calibration curve prepared by aqueous zinc standard solution with addition of Pd/Mg chemical modifier is used to determine the zinc concentration in the sediment. The accuracy of the proposed method was confirmed using Certified Reference Materials, NMIJ CRM 7303-a (lacustrine sediment) from National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan, and MESS-3 (marine sediment) and PACS-2 (marine sediment) from National Research Council, Canada. The analytical results obtained by employing Pd/Mg modifier are in good agreement with the certified values of all the reference sediment materials. Although for NRC MESS-3 an accurate determination of zinc is achieved even without the chemical modifier, the use of Pd/Mg chemical modifier is recommended as it leads to establishment of a reliable and accurate direct analytical method. One quantitative analysis takes less than 15 minutes after we obtain dried sediment samples, which is several tens of times faster than conventional analytical methods using acid digested sample solutions. The detection limits are 0.13?µg?g^?1 (213.9?nm) and 16?µg?g^?1 (307.6?nm), respectively, in sediment samples, when 40?mg of dried powdered samples are suspended in 20?mL of 0.1?mol?L^?1 nitric acid and a 10?µl portion of the slurry sample is measured. The precision of the proposed method is 8–15% (RSD).     

煤炭间接液化:从基础到工业化

中国需要自主发展煤炭间接液化工业化技术,以缓解油品供应的紧张局面,保障经济的可持续发展.近年来中国成功地进行了煤炭间接液化示范厂的运行,掌握了成熟可靠的费托合成催化剂技术和大型合成反应器技术,正在设计和建设百万吨级合成油商业厂.本文简要介绍了国内外煤炭间接液化技术发展状态,评述了我国煤炭间接液化技术在费托合成反应机理、催化剂研制、反应动力学、反应器设计、系统工艺集成、油品加工等方面从基础到工程技术的研究进展,分析了我国建设百万吨级煤炭间接液化商业厂需要解决的关键基础和工程技术问题,并对我国未来煤制油产业化发展的前景以及所面临的挑战与对策进行了展望.     

粘土基防渗浆材的实验研究

针对目前常用浆材的局限性和工程应用的需要,采用正交优化的实验方法研究一种以粘土为主的粘土基防渗浆材,浆材具有良好的稳定性和可灌性,其结石体具有低渗透性和较低强度,适用于非加固型的防渗注浆工程。