Influence of imide functionalized organo‐modified Mg‐Al layered double hydroxide on the thermal and mechanical properties of new aliphatic‐aromatic poly (amide‐imide)

A new dicarboxylic acid modified Mg‐Al LDH (DLDH) containing imide groups was prepared and its effects on the thermal and mechanical properties of the new synthesized aliphatic‐aromatic poly (amide‐imide) (PAI) were investigated via preparation of PAI/nanocomposite films by solution casting method. The results of X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission‐scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed a uniform dispersion for LDH layers into the PAI matrix. For comparison, the effects of polyacrylic acid‐co‐poly‐2‐acrylamido‐ 2‐methylpropanesulfonic acid (PAMPS‐co‐PAA) modified Mg‐Al LDH (ALDH) on the PAI properties were also studied. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results exhibited that the temperature at 5 mass% loss (T₅) increased from 277 °C to 310 °C for nanocomposite containing 2 mass% of DLDH, while T₅ for nanocomposite containing 2 mass% of ALDH increased to 320 °C, along with the more enhancement of char residue compared to the neat PAI. According to the tensile test results, with 5 mass% DLDH loading in the PAI matrix, the tensile strength increased from 51.6 to 70.8 MPa along with an increase in Young's modulus. Also the Young's modulus of PAI nanocomposite containing 5 mass% ALDH reduced from 1.95 to 0.81 GPa.     

Effect of Polymerizable Photoinitiators on the UV‐polymerization behaviors of photosensitive polysiloxane

In this contribution, three polymerizable benzophenone photoinitiators containing maleimide group including 4‐maleimidebenzophenone (MBP), 4‐chlorine‐4′‐maleimide benzophenone (CMBP), and 4‐maleimide‐4′‐[(4‐maleimide)thiophenyl]benzophenone (MMTBP) were designed and synthesized to enhance the polymerization degree of photosensitive polysiloxane containing methacryloxy active groups (MAPSO). The polymerization behaviors of the MAPSO cured by different photoinitiators were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). It was noted that the MAPSO initiated by MMTBP showed a high carbon–carbon double bond conversion above 80% because of the existence of thiophenyl group which could generate more radicals from the photolysis reaction at the C? S bond. In addition, the thermal stability of the UV‐cured MAPSO were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the result showed that the initial 5% mass loss (T _5%) and residual weight percent at 800 °C in nitrogen of the UV‐cured MAPSO initiated by MMTBP systems was 200 °C and 33.8%. Thus, this work provides a new perspective and efficient strategy to improve the polymerization degree of UV‐curable polysiloxanes with carbon–carbon double bonds. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55 , 1696–1705     

Mechanochemical synthesis of PbS/Ni–Cr layered double hydroxide nanocomposite

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Carbenes,related intermediates,and small-sized cycles: contribution from Professor Nefedov’s laboratory

The review summarizes some of the most prominent results obtained in the laboratory headed by Academician Oleg M. Nefedov at the N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the field of chemistry of carbenes, their heavy analogs, and related intermediates, as well as small-sized cycles. Those include elaboration of safe methodology of cyclopropanation using diazomethane, development and extension of synthetic applications of diazoesters and other diazo compounds in the preparation of valuable chemical products, design of functionalized alkynylcyclopropanes on the basis of alkynylcarbene reactions, creation of versatile synthetic approaches to preparation of various practically useful fluoroorganic compounds on the basis of reactions of fluorocarbenes, development of synthetic applications of heavy carbene analogs and synthesis of small-sized heterocycles containing silicon and germanium atoms, analysis of mechanisms of some important reactions of carbenes, their analogs and related intermediates on the basis of physicochemical studies, direct spectroscopic studies of various labile intermediates of chemical reactions.     

聚讼与规范：经济犯罪概念的认定与特征的“限制”性释义

经济犯罪的概念虽被提出和使用很久,但至今仍未统一定论。我国的刑事政策决定了经济犯罪的客体,经济犯罪主要侵犯的客体是国家整体经济的秩序。本文在对域内外经济犯罪概念进行的聚讼与争鸣分析后,认为经济犯罪是指从事经济活动的自然人和法人在经济运行过程中,实施违反经济法规,侵害经济管理秩序和经济协调关系,情节严重,依法应当承担刑事责任的行为。经济犯罪概念的认定与特征的＂限制＂性释义取得规范,不仅易于了解经济犯罪的特殊性,也可使刑法的效能得到最大发挥。     

A new class of stereoregular vinylene‐arylene copolymers with double‐decker silsesquioxane in the main chain

A synthesis of a new macromolecular class of vinylene‐arylene copolymers with double‐decker silsesquioxane in the main chain is presented. Two transition‐metal‐catalyzed processes, which is silylative‐coupling copolycondensation (SCC) and ADMET copolymerization of divinyl‐substituted double‐decker silsesquioxanes (DDSQ‐2SiVi) with selected diolefins, are reported to be highly efficient tools for the formation of stereoregular copolymers containing DDSQ‐silylene‐vinylene‐arylene units. The copolymeric products are studied in terms of their structural, thermal, and mechanical properties. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 1044–1055     

正丁醇/水混合溶剂中一步合成NO3-LDH的研究

以尿素为沉淀剂，正丁醇/水混合液为溶剂，采用水热法直接合成层状双金属氢氧化物ZnAl-NO₃-LDHs。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）和元素分析（CHN）等对所得样品进行表征，证明在尿素存在条件下，NO₃^-进入LDHs层间；XRD、SEM结果和丁达尔现象显示所得NO₃-LDHs可在甲酰胺溶液中剥离。对尿素存在条件下形成NO₃-LDH而非CO₃-LDH的机理进行了探讨。以氯化盐和硫酸盐为原料，采用本文方法成功合成了Cl-LDH和SO₄-LDH，此研究结果可为制备不同阴离子插层的LDHs提供一种简单直接的方法。     

从高校图书馆实践看改革的必要性

结合图书馆实践分析了高校图书馆存在的一些弊端和问题,从改革的角度对观念的转变进行了探讨,对高校图书馆改革的发展提出了具体的建议。     

应用理念下专业课程设置制约因素研究——以数学与应用数学（师范专业）为例

探索应用型人才培养模式、实现办学结构转变是新建本科院校面临的重要任务，实现人才培养模式的转变，课程设置是一个重要环节．文章以数学与应用数学师范专业为例，论述了应用理念下课程设置的制约因素：课程理念、办学定位、社会需要和学科发展等因素制约着课程的设置．     

公共图书馆如何应对中国老龄化社会

就公共图书馆事业发展进程中面临的我国老龄化社会问题,指出图书馆只有重新调整服务走向,更新服务观念,创新服务模式,才能不断适应和谐社会中的老龄化需求。