Analysis of phantom centering positioning on image noise and radiation dose in axial scan type of brain CT

ABSTRACT

This study examined the dose and image quality according to the position change of a human phantom in a CT scan. This study used an MDCT 128 Slice CT Scanner instrument. An axial scan was performed with a 16 cm CTDI phantom of a human phantom, and the dose was measured using a pencil chamber meter. The phantom was scanned 10 cm above and below the isocenter and 15 cm above the right and left. The position of the phantom is indicated by C-0 in the isocenter position, S-10 in the upper 10 cm, I-10 in the lower 10 cm, R-15 in the right 15 cm, and L-15 in the left 15 cm. The test was performed 30 times using the brain CT protocol to calculate the dose and the dose width product (DWP). The acquired images were analyzed using the ImageJ program. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS with one-way ANOVA (p < .05). The mean DWP values of the CT scanner were C-0 31.97 mGy·cm, S-10 24.52 mGy·cm, I-10 24.28 mGy· cm, R-15 17.95 mGy·cm, and L15 17.6 mGy·cm. Compared to the isocenter (C-0), the DLP values measured at each site were 23.3% for S-10, 24% for I-10, 43.8% for R-15, and 44.9% for L15. A significant difference in the one-way ANOVA statistical process was observed (p>0.05). C-0 was measured to be 7.42 HU, S-10 7.87 HU, I-10 8.4 HU, R-15 117 HU, and L-15 13.6 HU for evaluating the image quality. Compared to C-0, S-10 was 5.39%, I-10 was 13.2%, R-15 was 57.6%, and L-15 was 83.2%. The PSNR for S-10, I-10, R-15, and L-15 was 17.37, 17.5, 16.62, and 16.37 dB, respectively. A good quality image can be obtained by positioning the subject precisely in the isocenter in the axial scan, if possible, because the irradiated dose to the subject is low, which can lead to an increase in noise in image reconstruction.     

STUDY ON THE PROPERTIES OF BLEND OF NATURAL RUBBER LATEX/METHYL METHACRYLATE GRAFTED RUBBER LATEX BY GAMMA RADIATION

Natural rubber latex(NRL)and methyl methacrylate(MMA)grafted rubber latex were blended in different ratios and irradiated at various absorbed doses by gamma rays from Co-60 source at room temperature.The tensile properties, swelling ratio and permanent set were measured.The maximum tensile strength and modulus at 500% elongation were obtained at an absorbed dose of 8 kGy.Modulus increases from 6.99 MPa to 9.87 MPa for an increase in proportion of MMA grafted rubber from 40% to 60% in the blend at similar absorbed dose.Elongation at break and swelling ratio decrease with increasing absorbed dose as well as the MMA grafted rubber content in the blends.The decreasing trend of permanent set is high up to 5 kGy absorbed dose,and beyond that dose,it becomes almost flat.     

Model correction for the formation of amorphous silicon by ion implantation

The critical dose at which an implanted amorphous layer in silicon is formed cannot be explained by a previous energy independent model. An energy dependent correction to this model can explain our ESR data as well as other data. The correction is most important for light ions.     

A mammographic phantom to measure mean glandular dose by thermoluminescent dosimetry

We have designed a phantom to evaluate mean glandular dose (MGD) as part of the regulatory dosimetry control for mammographic equipment. The phantom is constituted by TLD-100 thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLDs) inserted within semicircular plates of acrylic. Different groups of TLDs are used to determine entrance surface air kerma and half-value layer (HVL). Calibration of both tasks has been performed using a Senographe 2000D system and an ionization chamber. The phantom has been tested in five clinical systems. The HVL and MGD obtained by this method agree, on average, within 3%, with those from standard procedures based on the use of ionization chambers. The phantom MGD measurements have a combined uncertainty better than 10% (k = 1).     

Measurement of photoneutron doses in and out of high-energy X-ray beam of a SATURNE-20 medical linear accelerator by ECE polycarbonate detectors

Photoneutron contaminations in and out of high energy X-ray beams of the medical linear accelerator SATURNE 20 (CGR) of the Radiotherapy Department of Omeed Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, have been determined using 250 μm polycarbonate (PC) dosimeters, in strips or in sheets, processed by electrochemical etching (ECE) using specially designed ECE chambers to etch larger sheets. A two dimensional or topographical distribution of neutron contamination was also determined in a full size beam. The neutron dose equivalents (Hn) in the beam of 18 MV X-rays at 80 cm FSD were determined to be linear functions of X-ray dose equivalents (Hx) up to 1400 cSv. The distribution of the Hn at different X-ray doses showed bell-shape profiles with maxima at the isocenter. The ratios of dose equivalents of neutrons to those of X-rays increased as the field size increased having values of 0.22%, 0.28%, 0.31% and 0.37% for field sizes of 10×10, 20×20, 30×30, and 40×40 cm² respectively. Although such neutron dose equivalents can be corrected for patient treatment, it can cause radiation protection problems for workers where the design of the facility is not well planned.     

石英中E’心的热活化研究

研究了α石英的热活化ESR谱,确定了最佳热活化条件,对结果进行了分析,并指出热活化的必要性.     

The Dependence of IRSL Intensity on Radiation Dose for Samples of Chlorides Contained in Feldspars

The intensity of the luminescence generally increases with radiation dose and measurement of these phenomena can be used to characterise the degree of dependence on beta doses. In this study, in order to test whether this is a significant problem on the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) studies, the radiation dose response of the OSL signal from samples of chlorides contained in feldspars have been investigated by irradiating the samples with beta doses. The infrared-emitting diodes were used with a wavelength of (880±80) nm, and an IRSL (infrared stimulated luminescence) intensity parametres, m, was described and found m = 1±0.03.     

放射治疗剂量分布的计算机仿真

给出一种Fortran DPM程序与Matlab语言相结合的放射治疗剂量分布仿真方法.利用蒙特卡罗方法模拟放射治疗剂量分布,改写已有的用Fortran语言编写的放射治疗程序DPM(dose planningmethod),与方便图形处理的Matlab语言相接口,处理DPM得到的计算结果.仿真结果表明,通过这种结合处理,可以很方便地得到等剂量分布曲线和等剂量面等图形,将仿真出的剂量计算结果明显地显示出来,为实际应用带来很多方便.     

聚焦离子束无掩膜注入单晶硅离子浓度深度分布的研究

随着聚焦离子束(focusedion beam,FIB)无掩膜微细加工能力的迅速发展,结合精确定位能力,FIB已成为新型且出色的纳米制造工具.对FIB无掩膜注入单晶硅衬底的注入效果与离子束流、注入剂量的关系进行研究发现,以固定能量注入的离子,当注入剂量恒定,离子浓度随深度的分布与离子束流大小无关;当离子束流恒定,注入离子的表面浓度随注入剂量的增加而增加,但是由于FIB注入的同时会刻蚀材料表面,注入剂量达到饱和值后,会造成材料一定程度的减薄.     

~(14)C草甘膦在大蓟、小蓟植株中吸收输导作用的研究

用~(14)C草甘膦处理大蓟和小蓟的叶子试验证明,这两种杂草吸收草甘膦后具有双向输导性能。其吸收速度和植株各部分的药量分布是不同的,施药一天后总吸收量较少,占总药量的4.05％,但三天后明显增加,到第六天达到44.54％。而叶子的吸收高峰是处理后3～7天。根部的吸收量,从处理后一天的14.42％,到第六天增加到93.8％。但是,处理七天后,仍有50％左右的药剂未被植株所吸收。所以,草甘膦施药期不宜太迟,同时,施药方法要保证有足够的药量覆盖杂草茎叶上并被吸收。