Topical application of solubilized Reseda luteola extract reduces ultraviolet B-induced inflammation in vivo

We investigated the skin tolerance and anti-inflammatory potential of a nanoparticular solubilisate of a luteolin-rich Reseda extract (s-RE) in two independent studies in vivo. Reseda luteola extract containing 40% flavonoids was solubilized with polysorbate, resulting in product micelles with a diameter of 10 (±1.5) nm. Standardized inflammation was induced by irradiating test areas on the back of healthy volunteers with defined doses of ultraviolet B (UVB). In the first study different concentrations of s-RE were tested in 10 volunteers to evaluate dose-dependency of anti-inflammatory effects of s-RE. In the second randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study a defined concentration of s-RE (2.5% w/w) was tested in 40 volunteers in comparison to the vehicle (glycerol) and hydrocortisone (1% w/w). s-RE dose-dependently reduced UVB-induced erythema when applied 30 min before irradiation. To a lesser extent, topical application of s-RE after irradiation also reduced UVB-induced erythema. s-RE was as effective as hydrocortisone, whereas the vehicle had no effect. Occlusive application of s-RE on non-irradiated test sites did not cause any skin irritation. Due to excellent skin tolerance combined with potent anti-inflammatory properties s-RE bears potential especially for the prevention but also for the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions such as UV-induced erythema.     

Measurement of radionuclides and absorbed dose rates in soil samples of Peshawar,Pakistan, using gamma ray spectrometry

The analysis of gamma-emitting radionuclides in nature, i.e. ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K and ¹³⁷Cs, has been carried out in soil samples collected from Peshawar University Campus and surrounding areas using a high purity germanium detector coupled with a computer-based high-resolution multichannel analyser. The activity concentrations in soil ranged from 30.20±0.65 to 61.90±0.95, 50.10±0.54 to 102.80±1.04, 373.60±4.56 to 1082±11.38 and 9.50±0.11 to 46.60±0.42 Bq kg^?1 for ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th, ⁴⁰K and ¹³⁷Cs, with a mean value of 45±7.70, 67±12.50, 878±180 and 19±9.20 Bq kg^?1, respectively. The radium equivalent activity, internal and external hazard indices have mean values of 203.40±29.40 Bq kg^?1, 0.56 and 0.68, respectively. The mean values of outdoor and indoor absorbed dose rates in air and the annual effective dose equivalents were found to be 106.50 and 128 nGy h^?1 and 0.19 and 0.54 mSv y^?1, respectively. In the present study, ⁴⁰K was the major radionuclide present in soil samples. The presence of ¹³⁷Cs indicates that this area also received some fallout from the nuclear accident of the Chernobyl power plant in 1986. The activity concentrations of radionuclides found in soil samples during the current investigation were nominal. Therefore, they are not associated with any potential source of health hazard to the public.     

钒对日本青鳉的急性毒性及安全评价

以不同月龄的日本青鳉为受试生物,采用半静止生物测试法,比较研究V(Ⅴ)对日本青鳉成鱼和幼鱼的急性毒性效应.结果表明:V(Ⅴ)对日本青鳉成鱼的72 h和96 h LC50分别为4.91 mg/L和2.73 mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.273 mg/L,钒对幼鱼的72 h和96 h LC50分别为0.85 mg/L和0.43 mg/L,安全质量浓度为0.042 7 mg/L.根据有毒物质对鱼类的急性标准可得钒对日本青鳉有中至高等毒性,幼鱼对钒的毒性更为敏感.     

不同退火条件对多孔阳极氧化铝热释光的影响

本文采用两步阳极氧化法在0.5mol/L的草酸溶液中制备了多孔且排列有序的多孔阳极氧化铝（PAA）薄膜,并对薄膜进行不同条件的退火后处理,通过对PAA薄膜的热释光（TL）特性表征和机理分析,研究了基底及后处理中退火时间、退火温度及退火气氛等条件对其热释光特性的影响．结果表明,相同辐照剂量下,去除铝基底的双通PAA薄膜,接触辐射面积大,吸收辐射能量多,表现出更强的热释光响应;相同退火环境中,经γ辐照后的PAA薄膜的TL特性随退火处理的时间延长而增强;退火时间均控制为4h时,薄膜的TL强度随退火温度的升高也明显增强,在空气中经600℃退火的PAA薄膜显示出最大的TL强度;并且PAA薄膜在空气中退火后的TL发光强度明显高于在真空中退火后的强度．     

世界核燃料循环职业照射基本情况分析

 准确把握职业照射的水平及其变化趋势,是评价辐射防护管理水平和开展辐射防护最优化的重要参考。本文总结了世界核燃料循环体系工作人员职业照射(数据截至到2004年)的基本情况,所涉及的活动主要包括铀矿开采和冶炼、铀转化和浓缩、核燃料元件生产、核电运行、核燃料后处理及放射性废物管理等方面,数据每5年为一个时间段,主要来源于(OECD/NEA)数据库和IAEA的ISOE消息系统及UNSCEAR。文中在介绍受照剂量的数据评估方法基础上,对核燃料循环各项活动中工作人员受到的职业照射剂量情况进行了分析比较。结果表明,在核燃料循环的各个环节,铀矿开采受到的职业照射剂量最大,其次是铀浓缩与转化和燃料制造;在1975—2004年间;核燃料循环体系职业照射的整体水平呈下降趋势,尤其是20世纪90年代后,有效剂量明显降低,从事相关职业的工作人员的安全和健康得到了有效保障。     

低辐射CBCT系统成像时序的控制与实现

 简述了锥束CT(CBCT)的工作原理,分析了X射线源连续照射和脉冲式照射两种成像方式的优劣,采用脉冲式照射成像方式,完成了低辐射CBCT系统成像的设计。在此基础上,实现了PaxScan 2520平板探测器的内、外两种读图触发模式下的X射线成像。实验结果表明,相比于X射线源连续照射的成像方式,脉冲式照射成像较大地减少了X射线辐射时间,提高了CBCT的安全性能。内、外两种触发模式下的脉冲式X射线成像对于图像的质量没有区别,模式的选择取决于是否需要主动控制X射线的发射。     

The determination of concentrations of radioisotopes in some granite samples in Turkey and their radiation hazards

The primordial radionuclides activity concentrations (²²⁶Ra, ⁴⁰K and ²³²Th) are measured in some granite samples in this study. The collected granite materials are analyzed with NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometry. The specific activity of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K values are in range 2.60?±?0.10 to 178.9?±?0.6?Bq?kg^?1, 1.46?±?0.10 to 162.50?±?0.75?Bq?kg^?1 and 19.8?±?0.3 to 579.7?±?2.8?Bq?kg^?1 respectively. The radium’s equivalent activity, annual effective dose, absorbed dose rate, hazard index, radioactivity level index, activity utilization’s index and exposure rate are calculated for determination of radiological risk. The concentration of ²²⁶Ra (in the 71.4% of samples), ²³²Th (in the 71.4% of samples) and ⁴⁰K (in the 14.3% of samples) in the granite samples are higher than average radioactivity concentrations of this radio-isotopes defined by ICRP (35.0, 30.0 and 400.0?Bq?kg^?1, respectively).     

土岩复合地层条件下爆破振速衰减模型优选

随着城市化进程的加快,地下工程建设日益增多,爆破施工是较常见的一种施工工法,对周围建筑物和已有线路的影响较大.爆破药量、爆心距和高程差等因素的不同都会使爆破振速产生较大的差异,造成不可挽回的影响.为了优选更合理的爆破振速衰减模型对预测爆破振动效应,以青岛地铁某线施工为背景,采用多段爆破的爆破方式,设置多个监测点记录爆破振速,对比分析不同爆破振速预测模型效果和适用性,并在此基础上进行模型优化.结果表明:爆破振动在地面传播过程中空洞效应的影响较大;爆破振动效应是多种因素综合作用的结果,模型涉及因素越多,则爆破振速预测模型的结果与实测值越接近;根据空洞效应建立的分段预测模型能有效地预测爆破振动在地面的衰减规律,可被类似工程借鉴.面对复杂的爆破施工场地,应根据条件进行爆破振速衰减模型的选择.     

Total ionizing radiation-induced read bit-errors in toggle magnetoresistive random-access memory devices

The 1-Mb and 4-Mb commercial toggle magnetoresistive random-access memories(MRAMs) with 0.13 μm and 0.18-μm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor(CMOS) process respectively and different magnetic tunneling junctions(MTJs) are irradiated with a Cobalt-60 gamma source. The electrical functions of devices during the irradiation and the room temperature annealing behavior are measured. Electrical failures are observed until the dose accumulates to 120-krad(Si) in 4-Mb MRAM while the 1-Mb MRAM keeps normal. Thus, the 0.13-μm process circuit exhibits better radiation tolerance than the 0.18-μm process circuit. However, a small quantity of read bit-errors randomly occurs only in 1-Mb MRAM during the irradiation while their electrical function is normal. It indicates that the store states of MTJ may be influenced by gamma radiation, although the electrical transport and magnetic properties are inherently immune to the radiation. We propose that the magnetic Compton scattering in the interaction of gamma ray with magnetic free layer may be the origin of the read bit-errors. Our results are useful for MRAM toward space application.     

γ射线电离辐射对商用CMOS APS性能参数的影响

研究了γ射线电离辐射效应对商用CMOS有源像素传感器(APS)性能参数的影响,着重分析了量子效率、转换增益、暗电流、坏点和脉冲颗粒噪声等参数。研究结果表明:当受到1 000 Gy辐射后,APS失去工作能力,无信号输出或像素灰度值仅为0,110,255 DN。60Coγ射线的离位截面约为10-25cm2(0.1 b)。当剂量率低于58.3 Gy/h且辐照时间较短时,辐射对量子效率及转换增益无影响,坏点产生数为0,总剂量效应使3T-APS的本底噪声升高到4.62 DN但对4T PPD APS几乎无影响。脉冲颗粒噪声引起的各灰度值像素数量分布呈泊松分布,并与剂量率正相关。