中外企业捐赠模式比较研究

从捐赠决策驱动、捐赠结构、捐赠效果三方面论述了中外企业捐赠模式的差异;分析了存在这种差异的原因;并在此基础上提出了转变我国企业慈善捐赠模式,培育现代公司慈善文化的对策措施,即倡导企业公民理念、运用税收减免政策、规范发展慈善机构等.     

公司志愿服务行为对顾客感知的影响研究——基于福建地区的实证分析

探讨了公司志愿服务行为和慈善捐赠行为对顾客感知与购买决策行为的作用机制。经实证分析发现：公司志愿服务行为和慈善捐赠行为能提升顾客感知的公司形象,进而积极正向地影响顾客的购买决策行为,但与公司产品质量相关不显著;公司志愿服务行为比慈善捐赠行为的效果更为显著,更能积极正向地影响顾客的购买决策行为。     

基于随机哈希签名模式的可信捐赠监督方案

通过修改随机数的选取方式,对 RMX随机哈希签名算法进行强化,使算法不需要假定签名者是诚实的. 基于该强化算法设计了2个可信的捐赠监督方案.当捐赠人愿意透露捐赠数额时,可构建出一个精确捐赠监督方案,任意2名捐赠人可通过比较彼此得到的捐赠总数来判断慈善机构是否公布出正确的捐赠总数.当捐赠人不方便透露捐款数额时,利用强化后的RMX签名算法和百万富翁问题设计了一个模糊捐赠监督方案,捐赠人同样可以监督慈善机构.分析结果表明,慈善机构作假和恶意捐赠人诬陷慈善机构的计算复杂度均为O(2n/2),其中n表示方案中使用的哈希函数输出散列值的长度.当n>160 bit时,方案在现有计算能力下是足够安全的.     

遗体器官捐献的主体研究

遗体器官的捐献目前是我国器官来源的主要途径,法律应当竭力完善这一来源以满足目前器官移植的需要。我国目前尚未以法律的形式对遗体器官捐献的主体作出规定,效力等级最高的为国务院2007年制定颁行的《人体器官移植条例》,规定只有年满18周岁的智力健全的自然人在自愿的基础上才能做出遗体器官捐献的表示。英国、日本两国在遗体器官捐献上则将捐献主体拓宽至未成年人实现鼓励身后捐献器官的目的。鉴于我国目前器官捐献的实际,找出我国目前关于遗体器官捐献主体规定存在的诸多不足,并提出立法建议。     

有偿、无偿献血源总体的阳性率比较分析及预测

本文对有偿、无偿献血源总体的阳性率进行了双属性总体比率的假设检验 ;给出了有偿、无偿两种献血源总体各项检验指标的阳性率的置信区间 ;并对两种血源总体的各项检验指标的阳性率做了统计对比分析及某些预测     

基于组织与行业可见度的企业慈善捐助水平研究

以汶川地震和玉树地震为背景,通过多元回归模型,探讨了在灾害事件背景下,组织可见度、行业可见度、企业规模和利润水平对企业慈善捐助水平的影响.结果表明,企业规模与企业慈善捐助数量并没有呈现出三阶段特征(正-负-正),而是明显正相关关系;而当控制了企业规模和公司利润水平后,虽然组织可见度对企业慈善捐助水平有明显的积极影响,但经济因素(企业规模)仍然是影响企业慈善捐助水平的最主要因素;此外,企业利润水平对企业慈善捐助水平有着明显的积极影响;最后,行业可见度对企业慈善捐助水平并不存在显著影响.     

Evolution of donations on scale-free networks during a COVID-19 breakout

Having a large number of timely donations during the early stages of a COVID-19 breakout would normally be considered rare. Donation is a special public goods game with zero yield for donors, and it has the characteristics of the prisoners' dilemma. This paper discusses why timely donations in the early stages of COVID-19 occurred. Based on the idea that donation is a strategy adopted by players during interconnection on account of their understanding of the environment, donation-related populations are placed on social networks and the inter-correlation structures in the population are described by scale-free networks. Players in donation-related populations are of four types: donors, illegal beneficiaries, legal beneficiaries, and inactive people. We model the evolutionary game of donation on a scale-free network. Donors, illegal beneficiaries and inactive people learn and update strategies under the Fermi update rule, whereas the conversion between legal beneficiaries and the other three types is determined by the environment surrounding the players. We study the evolution of cooperative action when the agglomeration coefficient, the parameters of the utility function, the noise intensity, the utility coefficient, the donation coefficient and the initial states of the population on the scale-free network change. For population sizes of 50, 100, 150, and 200, we give the utility functions and the agglomeration coefficients for promoting cooperation and study the corresponding steady states and structural characteristics of the population. We identify the best ranges of the noise intensity K, the donation coefficient α and the utility coefficient β for promoting cooperation at different population sizes. Furthermore, with the increase of the population size, the donor traps are found. At the same time, it is discovered that the initial states of the population have a great impact on the steady states; thus the upper and lower triangle phenomena are proposed. We also find that the population size itself is also an important factor for promoting donation, pointing out the direction of efforts to further promote donation and achieve better social homeostasis under the donation model.     

广州市人体器官捐献补偿实证分析

人体器官移植技术已经全面发展,为人类健康带来福音,但同时面临着人体器官供需矛盾严重冲突问题.为了有效提高我国人体器官捐献率,在借鉴国内外理论研究成果和实践经验的基础上,结合我国国情提出人体器官捐献补偿机制的初步构想.通过对广州市人体器官捐献补偿进行实证调查研究,调查广州市居民对人体器官捐献的认知程度、对人体器官捐献补偿机制的接受程度以及影响人们捐献其器官意愿的因素.通过分析一系列的实证调查数据,为相关部门提供更有针对性的研究成果,完善我国人体器官捐献相关制度及促进我国人体器官移植医疗事业良性发展.     

Triple B≡B bond: from a perfect Lewis structure to a dominant π-back-donation. The need for a reference point

Abstract

Coordination of a B₂ fragment by two σ-donor ligands could lead to complexes with a formal triple B≡B bond L→B≡B←L. Formation of L-B σ-bond leads to excess electrons around the B₂ central fragment. A subsequent direct π-charge transfer from B≡B moiety to the ligands L is a necessary condition for incorporation of BB fragment to the conjugated LBBL system. Quantum-chemical calculations (DFT, CCD, and CAS) show that the stabilization of a linear L-BB-L structure is possible but is accompanied by lowering of the B-B bond order. The ammonia-boryne structure H3N→BB←NH₃, which is studied as a model system, shows a perfect triple BB fragment relative to other LBBL adducts. The comparison of the conjugation between the B₂ fragment and two types of σ-donor ligands, with or without π-back-donation, provides an indication of the character of BB multiple bond. Three studied boryne molecules are calculated to have a high barrier for dissociation XXBBXX→XX?+?BBXX, yet a high reactivity of these compounds is indicated by the low-lying excited states of borynes (ΔE_S0-S1<1.5?eV). The largest gap ΔE_S0-S1～2.6?eV is calculated for the room temperature stable bis-NHC-boryne.