Solving multiple-objective problems in the objective space

Projection and relaxation techniques are employed to decompose a multiobjective problem into a two-level structure. The basic manipulation consists in projecting the decision variables onto the space of the implicit tradeoffs, allowing the definition of a relaxed multiobjective master problem directly in the objective space. An additional subproblem tests the feasibility of the solution encountered by the relaxed problem. Some properties of the relaxed problem (linearity, small number of variables, etc.) render its solution efficient by a number of methods. Representatives of two different classes of multiobjective methods [the Geoffrion, Dyer, Feinberg (GDF) method and the fuzzy method of Baptistella and Ollero] are implemented and applied within this context to a water resources allocation problem. The results attest the computational viability of the overall procedure and its usefulness for the solution of multiobjective problems.This work was partially sponsored by grants from CNP_q and FAPESP, Brazil. The authors are indebted to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments.     

The effect of (natural) polyols on the initial colour of heavy metal- and zinc-free poly(vinyl chloride)

The propensity of (natural) polyols dispersed in heavy metal- and zinc-free PVC sheets to improve the initial colour, e.g. the colour during the first minutes of exposure to high processing temperatures (short-term stability), has been investigated. It is shown using W(Lab) values that the initial colour improves upon addition of polyols containing primary hydroxyl groups. The polyols act as HCl scavengers, presumably via an acid-catalysed S_N2 substitution of the primary hydroxyl groups by chloride ions. In contrast, polyols with only secondary or tertiary hydroxyl groups accelerate the thermal degradation of PVC. Notwithstanding, the efficacy of the (natural) polyols containing primary hydroxyl groups will be reduced if the polyol is susceptible to competitive acid-catalysed intramolecular cyclodehydration reactions under the processing conditions. This is substantiated by a comparison of the behaviour of mannitol and 3,4-di-O-methyl-d-mannitol. The methylated derivative, which is less prone to undergo intramolecular cyclodehydration, improves the initial colour of heavy metal- and zinc-free PVC sheets more significantly than mannitol itself.     

全球信息网WWW上的化学资源

文献查阅是化学工作者必须掌握的基本技能之一.随着计算机网络技术的迅速发展,利用全球信息网WWW浏览和获取化学信息已成为查阅化学文献最重要的方法之一.在化学工作者中普及万维网WWW查阅各类化学信息和获取化学资源的方法是非常重要的.作者简要叙述WWW的基本原理和通过WWW获取化学信息和化学资源的方法,并给出部分Internet化学资源.     

The asymptotic behavior of queueing systems: Large deviations theory and dominant pole approximation

This paper presents the exact asymptotics of the steady state behavior of a broad class of single-node queueing systems. First we show that the asymptotic probability functions derived using large deviations theory are consistent (in a certain sense) with the result using dominant pole approximations. Then we present an exact asymptotic formula for the cumulative probability function of the queue occupancy and relate it to the cell loss ratio, an important performance measure for service systems such as ATM networks. The analysis relies on a new generalization of the Taylor coefficients of a complex function which we call characteristic coefficients. Finally we apply our framework to obtain new results for the M/D/1 system and for a more intricate multiclass M/D/n system.     

河南的红菇科真菌资源的研究（Ⅱ）

红菇属（Ｒｕｓｓｕｌａ）是红菇科（Ｒｕｓｓｕｌａｃｅａｅ）的一个重要的属。本文依据在河南山区采集的标本,鉴定、整理出红菇属的种类有３１种,其中食用菌２４种、药用菌４种、毒菌５种。此外,它们多是菌根菌,与林业有着密切的关系,还有不少种类的子实体中含有抗癌物质,具有抑制肿瘤的作用。     

贵州生态旅游资源评价与开发利用建议

本文在分析贵州生态旅游资源特点并对生态旅游资源进行分类的基础上,阐述了发展贵州生态旅游的优势和不利条件,对生态旅游资源进行了初步评价,最后对开发贵州的生态旅游资源提出了措施建议。这些措施主要包括：１加强宣传教育,增强广大群众的自然保护意识;２开展生态旅游规划研究;３开展对自然保护区和国家公园管理人员和导游人员的知识培训等。     

金寨县动植物资源特点的探讨

本文报道了金寨县具维管束植物１８８１种,隶属于１７８科,７５３属;具陆栖脊椎动物１８５种,隶属于２２目,６１科。金寨县动植物资源特点具备丰富性、稀有性、古老性、过渡性和特有性。在天堂寨和马鬃岭两个自然保护区基础上,进一步扩大保护范围,加大保护力度,加强保护区建设。     

江西大青属药用植物资源及开发利用

介绍了江西大青属（赤贞桐属）（ＣｌｅｒｏｄｅｎｄｒｕｍＬ．）药用植物种类、地理分布以及临床疗效等,同时对该属药用植物种类进行了本草考证,对该属资源的合理开发利用提出了建议。     

温州的垂直绿化植物资源

攀援植物具有生长迅速,又易于栽培管理等特点,是城镇进行垂直绿化的优质材料,可美化环境,改善小气候．据调查统计,温州地区有攀援植物40科235种（变种）左右．这些资源可用于墙面、棚架、栅栏等的绿化,但目前这类资源的利用还很低,尚有许多优良的攀援植物有待进一步开发利用．     

山西省古县野生资源综合开发利用对策

持续性农业将是２１世纪农业生产的主要模式,其基本特征是在强调农业发展的同时,重视自然资源的合理开发利用和环境保护。本文结合山西省古县丰富的野生资源现状,对其合理开发利用提出相应的对策