Using a process-centered approach to minimize the effort of compliance

 The complexity of different quality standards can, in principle, be covered by different approaches and strategies. In-depth process mapping of quality control (QC) work streams was used by the analytical laboratories of Lonza AG to show up the principle differences in being compliant to different quality systems. The results identified two main drivers for all necessary actions: process-related activities and infrastructure-related activities. In addition, a clear indication of the economic impact of these driving forces was gained, which led the laboratories to decide on a process-oriented approach. This approach has the advantage of being able to reflect the different demands of different quality assurance (QA) regulations within the same QC organizational structure. Following the process helps avoid unnecessary efforts in analytical work and represents a very economical approach, at the same time, providing high flexibility to react to different QA or customer demands. Received: 5 July 2002 Accepted: 12 November 2002 Acknowledgements The process-oriented approach resulted from many, very challenging discussions for which I would like to thank the staff of my organization (Analytics & QC), especially, the QA staff and the LIMS team. Presented at Analytica Conference, 23–26 April 2002, Munich, Germany Correspondence to B. Ciommer     

The extraction,antioxidant and against β-amyloid induced toxicity of polyphenols from Alsophila spinulosa leaves

Alsophila spinulosa is a tree-like fern, and many evidences suggested that plant polyphenols had the potential therapeutic for Alzheimer s disease (AD). Herein, polyphenols (ASP) was isolated from A. spinulosa leaves and its major constituent were isoorientin and vitexin. ASP displayed excellent antioxidant activity and obvious anti-lipid peroxidation capacity in vitro. ASP improved the survival rate of C. elegans under high temperature by enhancing the antioxidant enzymes activities and decreasing the lipid peroxidation level. Moreover, ASP alleviated β-amyloid (Aβ) induced paralysis and reduced Aβ deposition, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and improved the level of skn-1 mRNA. In addition, ASP decreased the levels of pdk-1 and akt-1 mRNA in P13K/AKT signaling pathway. In conclusion, ASP may be a potential ingredient for the alleviation of AD.     

Reaction Mechanisms of Strontium Ferrites Synthesis

The reactions between strontium and iron nitrates have been studied in an open atmosphere system using three different molar ratios, 1:1 (I), 1:2 (II) and 2:1 (III) at different temperatures as pointed out from the DTA data. The reaction mechanism was discussed based on the chemical composition characterized by means of thermal analysis, X‐ray diffraction patterns, infrared spectra and magnetic susceptibility. It was found that the reaction products depend on both temperature of reaction and the ratio between reactants. The reaction products were found to be composed of a variety of iron compounds that possess different valences: SrFeO_2.86, SrFeO_2.97, SrFe₂O₄, SrFe₁₂O₁₉, Sr₂Fe₂O₅ and Sr₇Fe₁₀O₂₂ in addition to some accessory reaction products namely α‐Fe₂O₃ and FeO(OH).     

The Constituents of the Leaves of Chamaecyparis Formosensis Matsum

Forty one terpenoidal compounds were isolated from the essential oil of Chamaecyparis formosensis Matsum. The dominant component is α-pinene. Other major components include β-pinene, 3-carene, α-terpineol, γ-muurolene, and kaurene.     

大学英语分层教学探讨

由于高校扩招，学生入校时英语成绩两极分化十分严重，这对大学英语教学形成了挑战。因材施教的教学原则和“i＋1”理论为大学英语分层教学提供了理论依据：按学生英语水平分层教学，教师有针对性地备课施教，并通过有效的教学管理机制，使学生始终处于积极活跃的状态，以达到较好的教学效果。     

烟草中多酚氧化酶的生理生化特征及其活性控制的研究

对烟草叶中的多酚氧化酶(PPO)进行了部分纯化，对比了叶中PPO在苗期和田间的活性差异，研究了其活性变化规律，发现生长旺盛期PPO活性高于其他时期，研究了烟叶在不同水势条件下PPO活性变化规律，发现水势过高、过低，PPO活性均较低，在一872．78kPa水势条件下，PPO活性最高，所以细胞中的含水量是影响PPO活性的因素之一．研究了PPO在35℃、40℃、45℃、50℃、55℃、60℃、65℃、70℃和75℃等烘烤温度条件下的热敏感性，发现：酶的最适反应温度为35℃；温度由35℃升至75℃，活性逐渐下降，在每一温度下保持5min，活性趋于稳定，用回归法得出了烟叶中PPO的下降百分数与温度之间的关系式．用双倒数作图法比较了NaDiCa、EDTA、巯基乙醇和硫脲4种常用抑制剂对烟叶中PPO活性的抑制强度，结果表明：同一浓度下它们对PPO的抑制强度依次递减，而NaDiCa抑制效率明显高于其他3种抑制剂；CuCl2可以促进PPO活性，用回归法得出了活力增加百分数与二价铜离子浓度的关系式。     

地转变慢与地磁倒向

地球自转变慢的事实，使刚性内核和地幔处于不同频幅的扭摆振荡状态。由地球温度分布和汤姆逊效应，知道地核带正电，地幔带负电。所以外棱正电荷的振荡是形成基本炀的原因。由此对地磁倒向规律作出物理说明。     

两种醇沉方式对杜仲水提液中氯原酸含量的影响

对一次醇沉及多次醇沉后杜仲水提液中氯原酸的含量做了对比分析．结果表明，分次醇沉比一次醇沉所得的产品纯度高；当乙醇浓度最终为９０％时，一次醇沉的损失率为１８．９％，而分次醇沉的损失率仅为６．８％．     

单辊传动和异径轧制在镍带轧机上的实验

本文实验证明，在四辊薄带轧机上，实行“单辊传动和异径轧制”方案是可行的．通过实验数据分析和比较，单辊传动异径轧制可降低轧制力２１％～４０％，保证了轧机受力零件的安全．通过增加压下率，减少轧制道次，可以提高轧机的生产率．     

鼓风机变频调速系统的节能分析

研究了风机、水泵类生产机械采用变频调速来调节风量、流量的节能原理，进行了节约电能的近似计算，同时提出了根据生产机械负载合理选择电机和变频器的容量，给出了相应的计算公式