神光Ⅲ主机X射线条纹相机设计

根据神光Ⅲ激光器的运作方式和靶室结构,配套建设的X射线条纹相机在结构和性能上同以往有很大不同,建成后不仅应用于高时间分辨的实验诊断,也将用于神光Ⅲ主机各束激光同步性能的检验.设计的X射线条纹相机将全部采用模块化组件,拥有优于10 ps的时间分辨、15 lp/mm以上的空间分辨以及100 eV-10 keY能区的光阴极响应.相机在结构方面采用了非常独特的密闭气室结构,变像管、CCD,所有的电气控制设备都寄宿在气室内并保持常温和一个大气压的工作状态.整个相机系统内嵌了计算机工控设备,通过一根以太网线获得相机所有功能的远程控制.相机其它的特性还包括拥有完善的安全互锁系统以确保相机远程控制的安全;满足严格的EMI/EMP屏蔽要求以避免神光Ⅲ主机高能量激光发射带来的电磁干扰,并可采用光纤引入紫外时标光建立信号的绝对时间基准.     

甚高频激发容性耦合氩等离子体的电子能量分布函数的演变

甚高频激发的容性耦合等离子体由于离子通量和能量的相对独立可控而受到人们的关注. 本文采用朗缪尔探针诊断技术测量了40.68 MHz激发的容性耦合Ar等离子体的特性(如电子能量概率分布、电子温度和密度等)随宏观参量的演变情况. 实验结果表明, 电子能量概率分布随着气压的增加从双麦克斯韦分布逐步转变为单麦克斯韦分布并最终演变为Druyvesteyn分布, 而射频激发功率的增加促进了低能电子布居数的增强; 在从等离子体放电中心移向边界的过程中, 低能电子的布居数显著下降, 而高能电子的布居则有所上升; 放电极板间距的变化直接导致了等离子体中电子加热模式的转变. 另外, 我们也对等离子体中的高低能电子密度和温度的分配情况进行了讨论.     

Development of an HPTLC‐based diagnostic method for invasive aspergillosis

A rapid, sensitive and specific high‐performance thin‐layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was developed and validated for determination of gliotoxin in Aspergillus infected immunocompromised patients with invasive aspergillosis (IA). Densitometric analysis of gliotoxin was carried out in the absorbance mode at 254 nm after single‐step extraction with chloroform. The method uses TLC aluminum plates pre‐coated with silica gel 60F‐254 as a stationary phase and toluene–isoamyl alcohol–methanol (10:0.5:0.5, v/v/v) as mobile phase, which gives compact spot of gliotoxin (R_f = 0.51). The calibration curve was linear (r² ≥ 0.994) between peak area and concentration in the tested range of 100–1000 ng spot^?1 with minimum detectable range 0.025 ng μ^?1 of serum sample. The mean ± SD value of slope and intercept of the standard chromatogram of gliotoxin were found to be 523.2 ± 1.555635 and 915.8 ± 30.68843, respectively. The developed method is simple, rapid, precise and less costly than earlier diagnostic methods, and different serum samples can be run on a single TLC plate for comparative analysis. The proposed method can be used to analyze gliotoxin in patient serum for easy, rapid and cost‐effective diagnosis of IA. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Durable Mesenchymal Stem Cell Labelling by Using Polyhedral Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

Small polyhedral superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles (<10 nm) coated with a thin layer of silica were prepared (SPIO@SiO₂ and SPIO@SiO₂‐NH₂). Surface modification of the small polyhedral silica‐coated SPIO nanoparticles with amines led to substantially higher mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) labelling efficiency without the use of additional transfecting agents. Therefore, amine surface‐modified nanoparticles (SPIO@ SiO₂‐NH₂) appeared to be the preferred candidate for MSC labelling. In vitro studies demonstrated that controlled labelling of SPIO@SiO₂ and SPIO@SiO₂‐NH₂ did not cause MSC death or proliferation inhibition. MSCs labelled with SPIO@SiO₂‐NH₂ nanoparticles retained differentiation potential and showed osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiations. The noncytotoxic polyhedral SPIO@SiO₂‐NH₂ nanoparticle‐labelled MSCs were successfully implanted in rabbit brain and erector spinae muscle, and demonstrated long‐lasting, durable MRI labelling efficacy after 8–12 weeks.     

A spectroscopic study of laser-induced tin–lead plasma: Transition probabilities for spectral lines of Sn I

In this paper, we present transition probabilities for 97 spectral lines of Sn I, corresponding to transitions n(n = 6,7,8)s → 5p², n(n = 5,6,7)d → 5p², 5p³ → 5p², n(n = 7)p → 6s, determined by measuring the intensities of the emission lines of a Laser-induced breakdown (emission) spectrometry (LIBS). The optical emission spectroscopy from a laser-induced plasma generated by a 10 640 Å radiation, with an irradiance of 1.4 × 10¹⁰ Wcm^− 2 on an Sn–Pb alloy (an Sn content of approximately 20%), in vacuum, was recorded at 0.8 µs, and analysed between 1900 and 7000 Å. The population-level distribution and corresponding temperature were obtained using Boltzmann plots. The electron density of the plasma was determined using well-known Stark broadening parameters of spectral lines. The plasma under study had an electron temperature of 13,200 K and an electron number density of 2 × 10¹⁶ cm^− 3. The experimental relative transition probabilities were put on an absolute scale using the branching ratio method to calculate Sn I multiplet transition probabilities from available radiative lifetime data of their upper states and plotting the Sn I emission spectrum lines on a Boltzmann plot assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) to be valid and following Boltzmann's law. The LTE conditions and plasma homogeneity have been checked. Special attention was paid to the possible self-absorption of the different transitions. The experimental results obtained have been compared with the experimental values given by other authors.     

Mixed thread/paper‐based microfluidic chips as a platform for glucose assays

A novel microfluidic thread/paper‐based analytical device (μTPAD) to detect glucose through a colorimetric assay is described. The μTPAD was fabricated from nylon thread trifurcated into three channels terminating at analysis sites comprised of circular zones of chromatography paper, which have previously been spotted with glucose of different concentrations. A solution of glucose oxidase (GOx), horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and potassium iodide (KI) is transported via capillary action to the analysis sites where a yellow‐brown color is observed indicating oxidation of iodide to iodine. The device was then dried, scanned, and analyzed yielding a correlation between yellow intensity and glucose concentrations. Both a flat platform constructed mainly of tape, and a cone platform constructed from tape and polyvinyl chloride, are described. Studies to quantitate glucose in artificial urine showed good correlation using the μTPAD.     

Principle of a new immunoassay based on electrophoretic mobility of poly(styrene/alpha-tert-butoxy-omega-vinylbenzyl-polyglycidol) microspheres: application for the determination of helicobacter pylori IgG in blood serum

The principle of a novel latex diagnostic test for the determination of antibodies against Helicobacter pylori in blood sera is described. The test is based on the measurement of the electrophoretic mobility of the microspheres with immobilized H. pylori antigens. The electrophoretic mobility of these microspheres depends on the concentration of the antibodies against H. pylori in suspending medium. Particles with hydrophilic polyglycidol in the surface layer were used for the test. The microspheres were obtained by an emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene and alpha-tert-butoxy-omega-vinylbenzyl-polyglycidol macromonomer (D(n) = 220 nm, diameter polydispersity factor D(w)//D(n) = 1.02). Activation of polyglycidol hydroxyl groups with cyanuric chloride allowed for covalent immobilization of H. pylori antigens. The fraction of H. pylori not specifically adsorbed onto the microspheres was negligible. Changes of the electrophoretic mobility of the microspheres with the surface concentration of the covalently immobilized H. pylori antigens Gamma = (1.6 +/- 0.3) . 10(-3) g m(-2) were suitable for the detection of the antibodies in the sera of patients with titer in the range (determined by the indirect ELISA test) from 1:500 to 1:32 000.     

一种基于因果网络模型的诊断推理模型

提出一种基于因果网络的诊断推理模型.该模型用因果网络表示诊断对象的领域知识,不仅能有效地表达知识的不确定性,更重要的是解决了知识的不完备问题.该模型的推理过程分为领域相关的环境集识别和领域无关的诊断解产生两个阶段,增加了算法的柔性和通用性.     

石英光纤探针在非金属材料冲击实验中的应用

使用石英光纤探针成功测量了Teflon样品中的冲击波速度和电炮加载的厚度为75 m的Mylar膜飞片的平均速度和到达时间一致性。实验证明,石英光纤探针技术为非金属材料的冲击实验提供了一种直接的、不受电磁干扰的、精确的测量手段。