盐构造与油气圈闭及其综合利用

简单介绍了近年来盐构造学中发展起来的新概念和新术语，并初步总结它们与油气圈闭及其它矿产的关系。根据盐体与其上覆沉积层的接触关系，盐构造可分为整合型和非整合型二大类。     

广利油田沙四上亚段成藏地质特征与勘探方向

广利油田位于东营凹陷中央隆起带东端南翼,根据地质特征及测井剖面的综合分析,认为该区沙四上亚段发育了辫状河三角洲前缘沉积,辫状河道和前缘砂坝共同控制了辫状河三角洲前缘砂体的形态展布.辫状河道砂体和前缘砂坝砂体是广利油田的优质储层.广利油田西部的牛庄洼陷有沙三中、下亚段和沙四上亚段2套烃源岩,特别是沙四上亚段的油页岩可以为广利油田提供充足的油气.广利油田鼻状构造和辫状河三角洲前缘砂体的良好配置是油气聚集成藏的关键因素,鼻状背斜的西翼是广利油田下一步勘探的有利方向.     

光激瞬态电流谱方法中激发光强度等因素对结果的影响

本文讨论了用光激瞬态电流谱测量半绝缘材料中深能级时,所加电压的极性、光强的变化等因素对结果的影响。对Martin等人提出的判断陷阱类型的方法进行了分析,在此基础上提出了一种新的方法。并给出了由光强变化而引起的能级位置的测量误差的修正方法。     

Random walk in a random multiplicative environment

We investigate the dynamics of a random walk in a random multiplicative medium. This results in a random, but correlated, multiplicative process for the spatial distribution of random walkers. We show how the details of these correlations determine the asymptotic properties of the walk, i.e., the central limit theorem does not apply to these multiplicative processes. We also study a periodic source-trap medium in which a unit cell contains one source, followed byL–1 traps. We calculate the asymptotic behavior of the number of particles, and determine the conditions for which there is growth or decay in this average number. Finally, we discuss the asymptotic behavior of a random walk in the presence of randomly distributed, partially-absoprbing traps. For this case, a temporal regime of purely exponential decay of the density can occur, before the asymptotic stretched exponential decay, exp(–at ^1/3), sets in.     

Diffusion and reaction among traps: some theoretical and simulation results

Diffusion and reaction in heterogeneous media arise in a host of phenomena in the physical and biological sciences. The determination of the mean survival time (i.e., inverse trapping rate) and relaxation timesT _n, n=1,2,3,... (i.e., inverse eigenvalues), associated with diffusion among partially absorbing, static traps with surface rate constantk are problems of long-standing interest. The limitsk= andk=0 correspond to the diffusion-controlled case (i.e., perfect absorbers) and reaction-controlled case (i.e., perfect reflectors), respectively. This paper reviews progress we have made on several basic aspects of this problem: (i) the formulation of rigorous bonding techniques and computational methodologies that enable one to estimate the mean survival time and principal relaxation timeT ₁ (ii) the quantitative characterization of the microstructure of nontrivial continuum (i.e., off-lattice) models of heterogeneous media; and (iii) evaluation of and T₁ for the same models. We also describe a rigorous link between the mean survival time t and a different effective parameter of the system, namely the fluid permeability tensork associated with Stokes flow through the same porous medium.     

氧化钙-氧化锆陶瓷中过剩氧浓度的确定

本文采用吸收-解吸氧的方法测定了CaO-ZrO_2在氧压10~(-8)～1.0大气压范围内的过剩氧浓度,实验研究了影响过剩氧浓度的各种因素:氧压,温度,掺杂氧化物及杂质。结果表明,具有变价的过渡金属氧化物是该材料过剩氧浓度的决定因素。关于电子正孔扑捉模型的假设从实验上得到了证实。在本文条件下电子正孔的扑捉中心是Fe″Z r。过剩氧浓度随温度升高而升高。氧在该陶瓷的溶解热为191 kJ/mole。利用晶体缺陷热力学平衡导出了电子正孔浓度与氧压的依赖关系,在恒温下电子正孔总浓度正比于Po_2~(1/4),理论表达式与实验测量结果一致。本文的发现对于改进固体电解质的响应时间具有重要意义。     

Fluorescence Blinking Beyond Nanoconfinement: Spatially Synchronous Intermittency of Entire Perovskite Microcrystals

Abrupt fluorescence intermittency or blinking is long recognized to be characteristic of single nano‐emitters. Extended quantum‐confined nanostructures also undergo spatially heterogeneous blinking; however, there is no such precedent in dimensionally unconfined (bulk) materials. Herein, we report multi‐level blinking of entire individual organo–lead bromide perovskite microcrystals (volume=0.1–3 μm³) under ambient conditions. Extremely high spatiotemporal correlation (>0.9) in intracrystal emission intensity fluctuations signifies effective communication amongst photogenerated carriers at distal locations (up to ca. 4 μm) within each crystal. Fused polycrystalline grains also exhibit this intriguing phenomenon, which is rationalized by correlated and efficient migration of carriers to a few transient nonradiative traps, the nature and population of which determine blinking propensity. Observation of spatiotemporally correlated emission intermittency in bulk semiconductor crystals opens the possibility of designing novel devices involving long‐range (mesoscopic) electronic communication.     

新疆黄山南含矿镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体的岩石学特征及成因探讨

新疆哈密黄山南含矿镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体侵位于下石炭统干洞组片岩中,岩体可划分为两个侵入期四个岩相。其原始岩浆具富镁贫钙、碱质钛略偏低特征,属拉斑玄武岩系列,是上地幔经部分熔融的产物。岩体成岩温度为1900～750℃,压力为223.8～285.4MPa,氧逸度为10~(-13)～10~(-14)。     

Spatial Taming and Trapping of Molecules

Molecular beam techniques for study of collisional and spectroscopic processes have recently been enhanced by use of static electric or magnetic fields to orient or align molecules with permanent dipole moments. A more general method is now in prospect, applicable both to alignment and to spatial trapping of molecules. This exploits the anisotropic interaction of the electric field vector of intense laser radiation with the dipole moment induced in a polarizable molecule by the laser field. The interaction creates directional superpositions of field-free states that correspond to oblate spheroidal wavefunctions, with eigenenergies that decrease with increasing field strength. We suggest that this polarizability interaction produces the marked alignment found in laser-induced dissociative ionization of CO by the Saclay group. We also present calculations illustrating the feasibility of spattal trapping. In combination with supermirror focussing and buffer-gas cooling, an intense infrared laser can typically confine molecules for long-times (-hours) within a small (-picoliter) and cold (?1°K) “pocket of light.”     

ESR spectroscopic investigation of steric and polar factors in the addition of radicals to unsaturated compounds

The rate constants of the addition of CCl₃CH₂ClCH₃(R⁶) radicals to -methyl-styrene, styrene, methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile and of CCl₃CH₂(CH₃)₂(R⁷) radicals to styrene, methyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile were determined by ESR spectroscopy. It was shown that the radicals R⁶ and R⁷ possess approximately equal reactivity in addition to unsaturated compounds, despite the difference in the donor-acceptor properties of the substituents at the vinyl group. In a comparison of the reactivity of radicals R⁶ and R⁷ with the reactivity of radicals CCl₃CH₂H₂(R¹), CCl₃CH₂HCH₃(R³), CCl₃CH₂HCl(R⁴), and ClCH₂CH₂Cl₂(R⁵) [1] in addition reactions, it was shown that polar and steric effects of the substituents situated in the -position to the radical site of the above-mentioned radicals, as well as the donor-acceptor properties of the substituents at the vinyl group in the unsaturated compounds, lead to appreciable changes in reactivity.A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Heteroorganic Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117813 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 136–141, January, 1992.