Long-time asymptotics in the one-dimensional trapping problem with large bias

The survival probability of a particle which moves according to a biased random walk in a one-dimensional lattice containing randomly distributed deep traps is studied at large times. Exact asymptotic expansions are deduced for fields exceeding a certain threshold, using the method of images. In order to cover the whole range of fields, we also derive the behavior of the survival probability below this threshold, using the eigenvalue expansion method. The connection with the continuous diffusion model is discussed.     

X-ray excited fluorescence and phosphorescence of CaSO4: Sm phosphors

Calcium sulphate phosphors activated with samarium as an impurity with various percentage composition have been prepared and their fluorescence rise and phosphorescence decay behaviours have been studied. The growth curve is investigated to study the density of traps. The process of filling of traps during x-ray excitation is revealed. The decay curves are analysed to study the distribution of traps, the nature of decay and kinetics involved in the luminescence process. The concentration dependence of fluorescence emission of the phosphors is also discussed.     

华庆地区延长组长6储层不同类型成岩相微观孔隙结构特征及生产动态分析

利用铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X衍射、物性、高压压汞等分析测试手段以及试油试采资料,深入分析了超低渗储层成岩相及其微观孔隙结构特征,分析了其生产动态.结果表明:优势成岩相主要有水云母胶结-残余粒间孔+长石溶蚀相、长石溶蚀+水云母胶结-残余粒间孔相、长石溶蚀+绿泥石膜胶结-残余粒间孔相等.不同类型成岩相微观孔隙结构特征及生产动态特征不同,水云母胶结-残余粒间孔+长石溶孔相孔喉比高且配位数高,试采初期日产液低,含水率低且稳定,稳产周期较长;长石溶孔+绿泥石膜胶结-残余粒间孔相孔喉比高且配位数低,试采初期日产液高,含水率高且上升较快,稳产周期较短.     

Computational study of cold ions trapped in a double-well potential

We report a rigorous computational treatment of quantum dynamics of cold ions in a double-well trap using the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. Our method employs a numerically accurate approach that avoids approximations, such as assumption of weak coupling between the wells; normal mode nature of vibrations; or harmonic approximation for energy spectrum of the double-well system. Our goal is to reproduce, from first principles, the process of energy swaps between the wells observed in the experiments at NIST [Nature 471, 196 (2011)] and Innsbruck [Nature 471, 200 (2011)]. The model parameters and the initial conditions are carefully chosen to mimic experimental conditions. We obtain accurate energies and wave functions of the system numerically, and study the evolution of motional wave packets to provide new insight. This model reproduces experimental results obtained by NIST and Innsbruck in detail. We explain the energy transfer in terms of wave packet dynamics in the asymmetric potential energy well. We also show that, for a localised initial wave packet, this phenomenon can be interpreted using the terms of classical dynamics, such as trajectory of motion governed by the well-known simple principle: the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence.     

DLTS and in situ C–V analysis of trap parameters in swift 50 MeV Li3+ ion-irradiated Ni/SiO2/Si MOS capacitors

Ni/SiO₂/Si MOS structures were fabricated on n-type Si wafers and were irradiated with 50 MeV Li³⁺ ions with fluences ranging from 1×10¹⁰ to 1×10¹² ions/cm². High frequency C–V characteristics are studied in situ to estimate the build-up of fixed and oxide charges. The nature of the charge build-up with ion fluence is analyzed. Defect levels in bulk Si and its properties such as activation energy, capture cross-section, trap concentration and carrier lifetimes are studied using deep-level transient spectroscopy. Electron traps with energies ranging from 0.069 to 0.523 eV are observed in Li ion-irradiated devices. The dependence of series resistance, substrate doping and accumulation capacitance on Li ion fluence are clearly explained. The study of dielectric properties (tan δ and quality factor) confirms the degradation of the oxide layer to a greater extent due to ion irradiation.     

Substitution reactions of gaseous ions in a three‐dimensional quadrupole ion trap

Substitution reactions between gaseous ions and neutral substrate molecules are of ongoing high interest. To investigate these processes in a qualitative and quantitative manner, we have constructed a device, with which a defined amount of a volatile substrate can be mixed with a defined amount of helium gas and added into a three‐dimensional quadrupole ion trap. From the known inner volume of the device, the known ratio n_substrate:n_He of the mixture, and the determined absolute partial pressure of helium in the ion trap, we can derive the partial pressure of the substrate in the ion trap and, thus, convert the directly observable pseudo–first‐order rate constants of the substitution reactions into absolute bimolecular rate constants. We have tested the device by investigating a series of S_N2 reactions of Br ^? and CF₃CH₂O ^? anions as well as ligand exchange reactions of ligated Na⁺ cations. As the obtained results suggest, the described device makes it possible to determine the bimolecular rate constants of substitution reactions as well as other ion‐molecule reactions with satisfactory accuracy and reliability.     

Towards a Living Radical Polymerization of Styrene by Using Dithiolactone as a New Type of Mediating Agent

In this communication, γ‐phenyl‐γ‐butyrodithiolactone (DTL1) is presented as the first example of a new type of control agent. The styrene polymerization carried out at 60 °C in the presence of DTL1 exhibits living characteristics, without consuming DTL1 during the process. This unprecedented behavior was explained by a mechanism based on the reversible formation of a persistent radical adduct between the DTL1 and the polystyrene macroradicals.

     

四川盆地二叠—三叠系碳酸盐岩和砂岩中的鞍形白云石——岩石学、形成温度与流体

鞍形白云石是沉积岩中的一种重要成岩矿物。显微镜下鞍形白云石具有特殊的弧形晶面和波状消光,广泛分布于热液环境和其他相对高温的成岩环境中,也常被作为半定量的地质温度计和某些特殊流体的指示矿物。本文综合讨论了四川盆地二叠—二叠系碳酸盐岩和砂岩中鞍形白云石的岩石学特征,铁、锰、钙含量和阴极发光特征,形成温度和矿物的氧同位素组成,以及推算的源流体的氧同位素组成和盐度;同时对照研究了鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界砂岩中的鞍形白云石、塔里木盆地寒武—奥陶系的鞍形白云石以及南海珠江口盆地新近系的鞍形白云石,得到如下认识:(1)碳酸盐岩中大多数的鞍形白云石的晶体大小都超过1mm,具有粗晶—极粗晶结构。砂岩中鞍形白云石胶结物的晶体相对较小,主要具中—粗晶结构。碳酸盐岩中的鞍形白云石主要分布在晶洞或裂缝中,砂岩中的鞍形白云石主要是晚期的胶结物。(2)碳酸盐岩中的鞍形白云石普遍具有阴极发光和很低的铁、锰含量,在钙、镁含量上接近理想组成;砂岩中的鞍形白云石胶结物普遍具有较高的铁、锰含量,因铁的猝灭作用而经常没有阴极发光,同时因富钙而偏离白云石的理想组成。(3)存在溶解现象(或去白云化现象)是一些鞍形白云石的重要特征,与热液有关的鞍形白云石的溶解可能与热液作用后温度和(或)盐度的降低及镁离子的消耗有关,较大埋深条件下形成的砂岩中的鞍形白云石胶结物的溶解可能与构造抬升造成的温度降低有关。(4)大多数鞍形白云石都是在较高的温度和盐度的流体中沉淀的,四川盆地二叠—三叠系碳酸盐地层中鞍形白云石包裹体均一化温度为100~270℃,源流体的盐度(NaCl质量分数)为4.7%~9.7%,盐度最大值约为当时海水的5倍;三叠系须家河组砂岩中的鞍形白云石胶结物包裹体均一化温度为120~170℃,流体盐度在2.6%~6.6%,也超过当时海水的盐度值。(5)南海珠江口盆地新近系碳酸盐岩中的一些鞍形白云石晶体较小,以细晶为主,缺乏可进行均一温度分析的两相包裹体,其形成温度可能较低,因而鞍形白云石形成的最低温度可能低于80℃,但这仍然需要资料的进一步积累。