Evaluation of the working conditions of light adsorbents and their use as sampling material for the GC analysis of organic air pollutants in work areas

Summary The use of traps containing graphitized carbon black for the collection and pre-analysis of atmospheric pollutants in industrial areas is presented. The working conditions, in terms of trapping capability and effectiveness of release by thermal desorption are discussed. Some practical applications are also given.     

An HPLC method forin vivo quantitation of oxygen free radicals using spin and chemical traps in biological systems

Summary We describe here anin vivo method for direct and simultaneous determination and quantitation of the oxygen free radicals (OFR) superoxide (O₂ ^–) and hydroxy (OH) radicals in biological tissue and blood of 2 week-old swine. Our method utilizes OFR trapping techniques, a spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-n-oxide (DMPO), 50 mg/kg, for O₂ ^– and a chemical trap, Na salicylate, (SA, 100 mg/kg) for OH, was infused into the right atrium or pulmonary artery of two-week old swine (n=12). The OFR contents of coronary sinus (CS) blood and left ventricular (LV) tissue (quick frozen at 77°K) were measured by an HPLC method developed by us (Waters 590 solvent delivery system, using Waters electrochemical 460 EC detector, and 740 data module) at +0.6V. The DMPO-O₂ ^– (measured as DMPO-OH) adduct assay was performed with a mobile phase consisting of 0.03 M citric acid, 0.05 M NaOH and 8.5% acetonitrile (Ph 5.1) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min through a Waters Resolve 5 C₁₈ column. The salicylate-OH products (2,5 and 2,3 dihydroxy benzoic acids, DHBA) were assayed using mobile phase of 0.03 M Na citrate, 0.03 M Na acetate, with N₂ bubbled (pH 3.6) at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min through a 5 Resolve C₁₈ column. The detected peak for DMPO-O₂ ^– adduct (9.5 min) was standardized with a hypoxanthine (HX) and xanthine oxidase (XO) mixture and the salicylate-OH products (11.5 min) were standardized with HX, XO and FeCl₃. Forin vitro experiments, the blood/tissue samples were immediately (<30 sec) incubated directly with 100 mM DMPO and/or 200 mM salicylate for 1 min, vortexed and injected for HPLC analysis. Superoxide dismutase (1 M) and DMSO (10 mM) scavenged O₂ ^– and OH adduct peaks by 77 and 80% respectively. The coefficient of variation for DMPO-O₂ ^– adduct was ±12.6% and for salicylate-OH adduct was ±10.9% (n=12). The normal LV tissue levels determined for O₂ ^– and OH were 0.41 and 0.32 nm/g wet weight, respectively. (In blood, the OFR contents were very small: 0.09 and 0.06 nm/ml, respectively.) This method is very specific and sensitive, 50 pm for O₂ ^– and 0.2 pm for OH radicals.Presented at the 39th National Meeting, American Association of Clinical Chemistry, New Orleans, 1988.     

大山次火山岩中岩浆熔离结构的元素分布特征及成岩模式

主要利用电子探针对大山次火山岩中岩浆熔离形成的结构单元一“浆屑”及基质两者间的元素分布特征进行了研究，Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｆｅ、Ｓｉ等元素的面扫描分析及线扫描分析结果显示“浆屑”中富含金属元素Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｆｅ等，贫Ｓｉ，基质中富含Ｓｉ，贫金属元素Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｐｅ等。结合熔体结构分析及热力学计算，笔者讨论了大山次火山岩岩浆熔离的可能性及成岩模式。     

Random walks on lattices with randomly distributed traps I. The average number of steps until trapping

For a random walk on a lattice with a random distribution of traps we derive an asymptotic expansion valid for smallq for the average number of steps until trapping, whereq is the probability that a lattice point is a trap. We study the case of perfect traps (where the walk comes to an end) and the extension obtained by letting the traps be imperfect (i.e., by giving the walker a finite probability to remain free when stepping on a trap). Several classes of random walks of varying dimensionality are considered and special care is taken to show that the expansion derived is exact up to and including the last term calculated. The numerical accuracy of the expansion is discussed.     

Synthesis of 1-pyrroline 1-oxides analogous to pseudouridine

Pseudouridine (ψ-uridine, Ψ) aza′-analogues with a 5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1-pyrrolin-2-yl 1-oxide as the glycone mimic were obtained by the addition of (2,4-dimethoxypyrimidin-5-yl)magnesium bromide to 1-aza-7,14-dioxadispiro[4.2.5.2]pentadec-1-ene 1-oxide (3), followed by oxidation and removal of the protecting groups. The analogous synthesis from (2,4-dimethoxypyrimidin-5-yl)lithium and 3 was less efficient; in the first step of the reaction sequence, competing dimerisation of 3 predominated over addition of the organolithium agent to 3.     

Quenching of surface traps in Mn doped ZnO thin films for enhanced optical transparency

The structural and photoluminescence analyses were performed on un-doped and Mn doped ZnO thin films grown on Si (1 0 0) substrate by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and annealed at different post-deposition temperatures (500-800 °C). X-ray diffraction (XRD), employed to study the structural properties, showed an improved crystallinity at elevated temperatures with a consistent decrease in the lattice parameter ‘c’. The peak broadening in XRD spectra and the presence of Mn 2p3/2 peak at ∼640 eV in X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic (XPS) spectra of the doped thin films confirmed the successful incorporation of Mn in ZnO host matrix. Extended near band edge emission (NBE) spectra indicated the reduction in the concentration of the intrinsic surface traps in comparison to the doped ones resulting in improved optical transparency. Reduced deep level emission (DLE) spectra in doped thin films with declined PL ratio validated the quenching of the intrinsic surface traps thereby improving the optical transparency and the band gap, essential for optoelectronic and spintronic applications. Furthermore, the formation and uniform distribution of nano-sized grains with improved surface features of Mn-doped ZnO thin films were observed in Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) images.     

Comparison between N_2 and O_2 anneals on the integrity of an Al_2O_3/Si_3N_4/SiO_2/Si memory gate stack

In this paper the endurance characteristics and trap generation are investigated to study the effects of different postdeposition anneals(PDAs) on the integrity of an Al2O3/Si3N4/SiO2/Si memory gate stack. The flat-band voltage(Vfb)turnarounds are observed in both the programmed and erased states of the N2-PDA device. In contrast, this turnaround is observed only in the erased state of the O2-PDA device. The Vfbin the programmed state of the O2-PDA device keeps increasing with increasing program/erase(P/E) cycles. Through the analyses of endurance characteristics and the low voltage round-trip current transients, it is concluded that in both kinds of device there are an unknown type of pre-existing characteristic deep traps and P/E stress-induced positive oxide charges. In the O2-PDA device two extra types of trap are also found: the pre-existing border traps and the P/E stress-induced negative traps. Based on these four types of defects we can explain the endurance characteristics of two kinds of device. The switching property of pre-existing characteristic deep traps is also discussed.     

Comparison between N2 and O2 anneals on the integrity of an Al2O3/SiaN4/SiO2/Si memory gate stack

In this paper the endurance characteristics and trap generation are investigated to study the effects of different postdeposition anneals （PDAs） on the integrity of an Al2O3/Si3N4/SiOz/Si memory gate stack. The flat-band voltage （Vfb） turnarounds are observed in both the programmed and erased states of the N2-PDA device. In contrast, this turnaround is observed only in the erased state of the O2-PDA device. The Vfb in the programmed state of the O2-PDA device keeps increasing with increasing program/erase （P/E） cycles. Through the analyses of endurance characteristics and the low voltage round-trip current transients, it is concluded that in both kinds of device there are an unknown type of pre-existing characteristic deep traps and P/E stress-induced positive oxide charges. In the O2-PDA device two extra types of trap are also found： the pre-existing border traps and the P/E stress-induced negative traps. Based on these four types of defects we can explain the endurance characteristics of two kinds of device. The switching property of pre-existing characteristic deep traps is also discussed.     

不同黄板处理对美洲斑潜蝇诱杀效果比较

利用美洲斑潜蝇对黄色具有明显的趋性制作黄板进行防治,结果显示:美洲斑潜蝇对柠檬黄色趋性最强,黄板以东西方向悬挂为宜,尽量悬挂于温室大棚北侧和中部,悬挂高度以黄板下缘高于蔬菜5 cm为佳,黄板表面涂厚度为0.1 cm的2份机油与1份凡士林混合油.尤其在虫害刚发生时进行防治效果更好.     

东营凹陷古近系红层储层成岩作用及成岩相

综合利用钻井岩心、铸体薄片及物性资料对东营凹陷古近系孔一段—沙四下亚段红层储层成岩作用特征、成岩相及其对成岩圈闭的影响进行研究。结果表明:红层储层压实作用中等偏强;胶结物主要有碳酸盐、铁碳酸盐、石膏及硬石膏和自生石英等;胶结作用在砂体边缘强,砂体内部较弱,在断块下部较弱,断块上部较强;早期胶结作用抑制了压实作用的进行;溶蚀作用由砂体边缘向内部逐渐增强,由断块下部向上部逐渐减弱,主要是长石、碳酸盐胶结物及石英溶解。红层储层中发育压实成岩相、碳酸盐致密胶结成岩相、硫酸盐致密胶结成岩相、中等压实-溶蚀成岩相和强压实-溶蚀成岩相5种类型;不同成岩相储层物性及有效储层含量具有明显的差异,其空间配置关系控制了红层中成岩圈闭的发育。