塔里木盆地玉北地区中-下奥陶统碳酸盐岩成岩作用类型及演化

为恢复塔里木盆地玉北地区中?下奥陶统碳酸盐岩的成岩演化历史, 通过岩芯观察、薄片观察、地球化学分析等工作, 针对溶蚀作用、白云石化作用、硅化作用和破裂作用等开展研究, 并将成岩历史划分为4个阶段。由于海平面的波动, 地貌高部位在相对海平面较低时短暂地暴露在地表, 以颗粒结构为主的灰岩在沉积后不久发生准同生溶蚀作用, 形成顺层发育的溶洞及结构选择性溶孔等。主要发育于早成岩阶段的白云石化作用增强了岩石的抗压实压溶能力, 有利于孔洞的保存; 此外, 早成岩阶段的加里东中?晚期及海西早期构造运动导致裂缝较为发育, 但由于经历了复杂的压实及胶结作用过程, 裂缝多呈封闭或充填状态, 未形成有效的储集空间。中成岩阶段的热液活动以产出具波状消光和鞍形结构的白云石和黄铁矿为特征, 热液活动总体上较弱, 对先期形成的孔洞和裂缝具有轻微的充填破坏作用。晚成岩阶段的硅质流体及钙质流体活动部分地充填早期的孔洞, 在区域内对储层具有破坏作用; 晚成岩阶段的海西晚期及喜山期裂缝活动弱于早成岩阶段的裂缝活动, 但由于经历的成岩改造作用较弱, 这些晚期裂缝多为开启状态, 在喜山期油气调整阶段具有一定的输导和储集作用。     

Advantages and challenges of high-dose thermoluminescent detectors

The current status of high-dose luminescent detector investigations is discussed. The examples of successful applications of various materials for medium and high-dose luminescent detector creation are presented. High-dose irradiation effect on luminescence of TLD-500 (α-Al₂O₃:C) detectors has been described. The challenges of detector properties restoration after high-dose irradiation are considered.     

紫外应力发光材料SrMgSi2O6：Ce的制备与光谱性质研究

采用固相烧结法制备了3种紫外应力发光材料SrMgSi₂O₆：Ce_0.005、SrMgSi₂O₆：Ce_0.005,Er_0.015和Sr₂MgSi₂O₇：Ce_0.005,Er_0.015。XRD测试结果表明：SrMgSi₂O₆与Sr₂MgSi₂O₇具有相同的结构,掺杂离子的加入没有改变相结构。3种样品的荧光发射光谱很类似,均在330~400 nm紫外波段有较宽的发射谱带。应力发光曲线的测试结果表明,样品的应力发光强度与物体受力变化呈良好的对应关系,证明所制备的样品可以用来检测物体的受力情况。同时,研究了共掺杂离子以及改变基质结构对应力发光强度的影响,结果表明发光体中陷阱数目的增加以及基质对称性的降低有利于应力发光的产生。由于所开发的样品波长在紫外区,因而可以作为光源来激发其他颜色的光致发光材料从而实现多颜色应力发光材料的开发。     

Direct-current and radio-frequency characteristics of passivated AlGaN/GaN/Si high electron mobility transistors

AlGaN/GaN/Si HEMTs grown by molecular beam epitaxy have been investigated using spectroscopy capacitance, direct and pulse current–voltage and small-signal microwave measurements. Passivation of the HEMT devices by SiO₂/SiN with NH₃ and N₂O pretreatments is made in order to reduce the trapping effects. As has been found from DLTS data, some of electron traps are eliminated after passivation. This has led to an improvement in the drain current. To describe the electron transport, we have developed a charge-control model by including the deep traps observed from DLTS experiments. The thermal and trapping effects have been, on the other hand, studied from a comparison between direct-current and pulsed conditions. As a result, a gate-lag and a drain-lag were revealed indicating the presence of deep lying centers in the gate-drain spacing. Finally, small-signal microwave results have shown that the radio-frequency parameters of the AlGaN/GaN/Si transistors are improved by SiO₂/SiN passivation and more increasingly with N₂O pretreatment.     

BaCeO3 钙钛矿型氧化物的储氮和抗硫性能研究

采用改进的溶胶 凝胶法制备了钙钛矿结构的BaCeO3 样品 ,在此基础上再用浸渍法制备了Pt/BaCeO3 、Rh/BaCeO3 、Pt Rh/BaCeO3 样品 ,并用机械混合γ Al2 O3 ,再浸渍贵金属的方法制备了Pt/BaCeO3 /γ Al2 O3 、Rh/BaCeO3 /γ Al2 O3 、Pt Rh/BaCeO3 /γ Al2 O3 样品 .储氮量 (NSC)结果表明 :对未加γ Al2 O3 的BaCeO3 来说 ,贵金属的加入反而使NSC减小 .加入贵金属催化剂的储氮量 (NSC)大小为 :Pt的最大 ,Rh的次之 ,Pt Rh的最小 .γ Al2 O3 的加入对BaCeO3 吸收NO和O2 没有影响 .而对于BaCeO3 /γ Al2 O3 样品 ,贵金属的加入使NSC值提高了 3倍以上 .讨论了贵金属加入到BaCeO3 /γ Al2 O3 样品中显著提高样品储氮能力的原因 .结合XRD结果表明 ,钙钛矿BaCeO3 相是Ba -Ce -O样品主要的NOx 储存活性中心 .NSC结果还表明 ,BaCeO3 和Pt/BaCeO3 催化剂在SO2 为≤ 0 .0 0 6 %时具有较好的抗硫性能 .而Pt/BaCeO3 /γ Al2 O3 催化剂不但具有较好的储氮能力而且具有更好的抗硫性能 .     

聚烯烃化合物电老化中的电子动力学机理

应用一级陷阱和复合方程、聚合物裂解反应,在聚合物电老化过程中推导了单体和自由基产生率的表达式;假定单体和自由基达到一定浓度作为击穿的临界条件,导出了聚烯烃化合物电老化的寿命公式,给现有的电老化经验公式赋于了物理化学意义;进一步发展了聚合物击穿的陷阱理论.文中以聚丙稀薄膜为试样,在真空中加速电老化,采用红外光谱分析和电子顺磁共振仪,研究了击穿场强、化学结构变化与电老化时间的关系,验证了上列的理论推导.     

大圈套与小圈套—围绕着火田展开的小型动物狩猎

对黎族的小动物狩猎特别是套夹捕鼠活动展开论述,阐明这些狩猎活动是如何融入现实生活的及其对食物供应的重要性。套夹捕鼠之所以能够成立是因为火田农耕的存在。火田不仅使得农耕成为可能,也创造了野生动物能够容易生存的空间。“大圈套和小圈套”是一个运作于耕地及其周边的系统。它们起到了把野生动物狩猎融入农业社会的作用。     

A hierarchy machine: Learning to optimize from nature and humans

This article proposes a competent hierarchical optimization method called the hierarchical Bayesian optimization algorithm (hBOA). hBOA extends the Bayesian optimization algorithm (BOA) by incorporating three important features for robust and scalable optimization of hierarchical problems: proper decomposition, chunking, and preservation of alternative solutions. Additionally, the article proposes a class of difficult hierarchical problems called hierarchical traps. hBOA is shown to provide a scalable solution to the class of hierarchically decomposable problems and anything easier. Specifically, hBOA can solve hierarchical traps and other nearly decomposable problems in approximately O(n^1.55 log n) to O(n²) function evaluations, where n is the number of decision variables in the problem. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Comparison between post-irradiation annealing and post-high electric field stress annealing of n-channel power VDMOSFETs

The behavior of the defects created in the gate oxide and at the Si/SiO₂ interface of n-channel power vertical double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (VDMOSFETs) by irradiation and positive high electric field stress have been investigated. Interface traps exhibit the same behavior after both types of stress, while there are significant differences in post-stress responses of the charge trapped in the oxide, consisting of fixed and switching component.