Early stage ageing effects and shallow positron traps in Al–Mg–Si alloys

Room temperature ageing, so-called natural ageing, of Al–Mg–Si alloys has a subtle but striking influence on the mechanical properties achievable by subsequent ageing at more elevated temperatures. Though strongly debated, different clustering processes are generally accepted to give rise to this effect. Using temperature-dependent positron lifetime measurements of naturally aged Al–Mg–Si alloys, it is shown that in the early stages of ageing, small clusters of alloying atoms without embedded vacancies take part in the decomposition process. These clusters serve as shallow positron traps with a binding energy of about 55(10) meV, grow in the course of natural ageing and transform to deep positron traps with binding energies well above thermal energies. Thus, results of positron annihilation spectroscopy techniques need to be interpreted carefully with respect to the microstructure of age-hardenable Al alloys. Moreover, it is shown that a simple approach to bind positron states using a three-dimensional potential well and (bulk) positron affinities cannot explain the present findings.     

Random walks on lattices with points of two colors. II. Some rigorous inequalities for symmetric random walks

We continue our investigation of a model of random walks on lattices with two kinds of points, black and white. The colors of the points are stochastic variables with a translation-invariant, but otherwise arbitrary, joint probability distribution. The steps of the random walk are independent of the colors. We are interested in the stochastic properties of the sequence of consecutive colors encountered by the walker. In this paper we first summarize and extend our earlier general results. Then, under the restriction that the random walk be symmetric, we derive a set of rigorous inequalities for the average length of the subwalk from the starting point to a first black point and of the subwalks between black points visited in succession. A remarkable difference in behavior is found between subwalks following an odd-numbered and subwalks following an evennumbered visit to a black point. The results can be applied to a trapping problem by identifying the black points with imperfect traps.     

河南栾川矿集区燕山期两类岩体黑云母特征对比及其地质意义

河南栾川矿集区燕山期成矿小岩株与不成矿岩基在岩石学特征等方面表现出一定的相似性和差异性。以含矿的早白垩世早期南泥湖、上房沟岩株和不含矿的早白垩世晚期老君山岩基为例,通过研究其黑云母特征,综合探讨岩体成岩环境和成矿条件。研究表明,南泥湖和上房沟岩体结晶压力为38~115MPa,结晶深度为1.4~4.4km;3个岩体物源较深且相近,成岩背景与区域俯冲作用密切相关;南泥湖、上房沟岩体属于I型花岗岩,老君山岩体属于具有I型特征的S型花岗岩;南泥湖、上房沟岩体结晶温度为950~1 016℃,氧逸度为10-11.3~10-10 Pa,有利于成矿;老君山岩体结晶温度为870~940℃,氧逸度为10-12.4~10-11.5 Pa,不利于成矿。