超大偏移距地震资料处理方法

超大偏移距地震资料处理中,保护好各种有效信息是处理好该类资料的关键,而超大偏移距采集到的远偏移距反射信息不符合双曲线规律,用常规动校正方法后出现过动校正和拉伸等问题,难以完成地质要求。针对超大偏移距地震资料动校正出现的问题进行了剖析,为解决该类资料的处理,分析了各向同性介质中非双曲线动校正的方法原理,结合超大偏移距地震资料的特点,对超大偏移距资料广角反射信息的应用和沙漠地区资料处理方法进行了探讨。经实际资料处理后,取得了较为满意的效果。     

沙漠表层纵波品质因子测量方法和基本特征

针对目前还没有一套成熟有效的地层品质测量方法,设计了一套品质因子测量的仪器和流程,能模拟测量不同埋深和含水饱和度条件下,未成岩的粘土或沙的品质因子。通过对塔里木和准噶尔盆地多个沙样的测试,证实了仪器和测量方法的稳定性和可靠性。研究表明：沙漠地区表层沙纵波品质因子随埋深、纵波速度的增加而增大。当相对含水量小于某一值时,品质因子随含水量增加而减小,当相对含水量达到该值后,品质因子随含水量增加而增大。对油气勘探领域地震波能量损耗机理研究及地震资料处理与解释具有重要意义。     

Landscape evolution and precipitation changes in the Badain Jaran Desert during the last 30 000 years

On the basis of field expeditions into different parts of the Badain Jaran Desert, new evidence of landscape evolution and precipitation changes during the last 30 000 years has been found from the geomorphological, sedimentological and geochronological studies of the megadune. Different cemented surfaces of palaeo-dunes have been observed in many localities, which are representatives of relatively moister environment. The chronological data show that four periods of more humid environment occurred in the past 30 000 years. The stabilization of dunes in a large scale and the existence of many palaeo-lakes and lacustrine terraces confirm the periodic fluctuations of climate. It implies that the intensity of westerlies and Eastasian monsoons varied in the region of Alashan, and the periods of higher precipitation took place even in the times close to the last glacial maximum.     

Assessment technique for evaluating military vehicular impacts to vegetation in the Mojave desert

A new plant-damage assessment technique was developed. The technique consists of linear transects the width of a military vehicle’s tracks located in existing tracks in the soil (usually during a prior training rotation period of 30 days or since the last rain or wind storm). Measurements of vegetation within the tracks are used to determine the area of plant parts impacted. The percent of the plant parts damaged and the percent expected to recover are estimated. The technique documents prior-damage classes based on estimates of damage that plants have apparently experienced previously (as assessed from field indicators of damage such as plant shape and height). The technique was used to evaluate different vehicle types (rubber-tire wheels vs. metal tracks) in six areas at the NTC with different soils and training intensity levels. The technique provides tabular data that can be sorted and queried to show a variety of trends related to military vehicular impacts. It also is suitable for assessing other non-military off-road traffic impacts. The study reports: (1) differences in plant sensitivity to different vehicle track types, (2) plant cover and density by species and training area after prolonged impact, (3) the degree to which rubber tire wheels have less impact than metal tracks, and (4) mean percent survival was inversely proportional to the degree of prior damage received by the vegetation (i.e., plants previously impacted have lower survival than plants not previously impacted).     

Non-destructive estimation of canopy gap fractions and shrub canopy volume of dominant shrub species in the Mojave desert

Variability of desert shrub canopy volume or above ground biomass can provide a useful metric for assessment of the response of desert shrubs to vehicular impacts, and can be used to determine the recovery and resiliency of different desert plant communities to such impacts. Traditional methods for measuring desert shrub canopy volume are inefficient and require destructive sampling. Field sampling methods that eliminate the need for destructive sampling are required to measure the vertical structure of desert shrubs for the purpose of measuring shrub volumes. Plant canopy analyzers and hemispheric photographs have been analyzed for the purpose of estimating canopy characteristics in forested and agricultural environments, but the utility of such instruments for measuring vertical structure of desert shrubs has not been fully explored. In this research, plant canopy gap fractions were estimated for 96 shrubs in the Mojave Desert using both a Li-Cor LAI 2000 Plant Canopy Analyzer and skyward looking hemispheric photographs collected with a digital camera with a fisheye lens attached. Gap fraction estimates from both estimates were comparable and no significant difference was found between estimates collected with both instruments. The LAI was identified as the preferred method for measuring gap fractions due to superior efficiency in data collection and processing. Using gap fractions recorded with the LAI, a model was developed to estimate the volume of desert shrub canopies that utilizes a combination of non-destructive, in situ measurements of plant canopy height and width and estimates of canopy area derived from remotely sensed imagery.     

垫状锦鸡儿的繁殖方式及其在适应干旱荒漠环境中的生态意义

研究内蒙古荒漠区锦鸡儿属优势种垫状锦鸡儿灌丛结构、分株特征、繁殖倾向和克隆生长特性.结果表明:在荒漠区,垫状锦鸡儿的营养繁殖占主导地位,有性繁殖为辅;其营养繁殖由枝条克隆产生无性系分株,克隆生长构型为密集型.较高的无性繁殖比例、密集型的克隆构型和发达的根系使垫状锦鸡儿能很好地适应荒漠区的干旱环境,并成为荒漠区的优势种.     

放牧对荒漠草原群落多样性的影响

退化草地生态系统中物种多样性的严重丧失及其后果,至今仍缺乏有代表性的实验结论.放牧是人类施加于草原生态系统最主要的干扰因素,从荒漠草原群落多样性、植物功能群多样性以及物种多样性与生产力的关系3个方面综述相关研究进展.提出不同放牧制度对荒漠草原群落多样性、植物功能群多样性的影响过程和作用机制是研究荒漠草原利用与保护平衡的...     

罗布泊沙土微生物生态分布特征

近从取自新疆罗布泊沙漠西北部四种不同生境的土样中分离得到不同类型的微生物,初步探明了土壤中微生物的生态分布情况.罗布泊沙土中,细菌数量和类型最多,固定沙地土样中的微生物数量多于其他土样.除放线菌数量为丘间盐碱滩地>固定沙地>半固定沙地>流动半流动沙丘外,其他菌类及微生物总量均为固定沙地>半固定沙地>丘间盐碱滩地>流动半流动沙丘.     

荒漠林信息提取融合方法的比较

森林信息提取是林业遥感的基础和前提。快速、准确、高效地获取森林资源信息,并且及时监测变化情况,是实现森林资源的科学管理和有效利用的重要途径。本研究应用ETM的多光谱和全色影像,在HPF、Wavelet、Mod.IHS三种图像融合算法支持下,得出研究区荒漠林影像无论是目视判读还是统计特征分析Mod.IHS变换图像融合效果均较其他二种方法好,为研究区荒漠林信息的提取奠定了基础。     

极旱荒漠区超氯盐渍土固化的试验研究

极旱荒漠区分布有大量盐渍土,对交通干线的建设造成极大危害.以超氯盐渍土作为研究对象,水玻璃作为固化剂,分别对其强度、吸湿性以及耐候性进行了分析.结果表明:水玻璃的浓度越高,固化超氯盐渍土的显微结构越为紧密,相应的其抗压、抗折强度逐渐升高.当浓度为16%水玻璃溶液在盐渍土中的掺量是18%时,固化试块的抗压强度就可在1 MPa以上.然而,由于Si-O-Al键遇水断裂,导致其防水性能较差,吸湿后抗压、抗折强度有所降低,但干燥失水后,强度又可恢复.自然环境放置30 d后,固化超氯盐渍土的质量虽有损失,但其抗压、抗折强度增加明显,耐候性能优异.