Modulation of dendrite growth of cuprous oxide by electrodeposition

Cuprous oxides with different dendrite morphologies were formed on F-doped tin oxide (FTO) covered glass substrates by potentiostatic deposition of cupric acetate. The effects of pH value (varied from 5.00 to 5.80) of electrolytes on the crystal morphologies of cuprous oxide were studied. Different crystal morphologies of cuprous oxides were obtained by the change of velocity of vertical growth and lateral growth through varying the pH value of electrolyte. The processes of Cu₂O dendrite crystal growth were analyzed through SEM images at different deposition times. Photoelectrochemical properties of the Cu₂O thin films prepared in the system are also studied.     

亚快速凝固枝胞的转变

采用区域熔化定向凝固技术,研究了冷速在26～130K/s范围内Ni—5％Cu合金的组织转变过程。试验结果表明:在温度梯度1300K/cm情况下,生长速度在500～700μm/s区间上,结晶形貌发生枝胞转变。温度梯度对亚快速凝固组织影响很大。晶体生长方向影响结晶形态选择。     

Growth and forms of spherulitic crystal pattern in a Belousov‐Zhabotinski type reaction system

The growth of spherulitic like crystal patterns in a dual substrate Belousov–Zhabotinski (BZ) reaction system has been studied. The solution phase reaction has been found to show concentric ring like wave pattern. A colloidal phase consisting of numerous fine solid particles have also been observed during reaction process, which initially forms the solid phase nucleation centers of dendritic character, and subsequently grow into spherulitic like crystal patterns. The reaction mechanism has been proposed, which illustrate possible reaction products formed during solution phase reaction that are inevitably involved in the formation of the dendritic nucleation centers. The spherulitic crystal pattern has been found to show transition in morphology by substituted organic substrate.The transition behaviour of crystal pattern has also been described and discussed. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

On array models theoretical predictions versus measurements for the growth of cells and dendrites in the transient solidification of binary alloys

Most of the theoretical studies of the growth of cells/dendrites in the literature are based on the assumption that it is a steady-state phenomenon. The analysis of cells/dendritic structures in the unsteady-state regime is very important, since it encompasses the majority of industrial solidification processes. The aim of the present investigation was to validate the predictions furnished by the cellular and primary dendritic growth models in the literature for unsteady-state conditions against a large spectrum of experimental data, which includes those for a variety of Al alloys (Al–Cu, Al–Si, Al–Fe, Al–Bi, Al–Ni, Al–Sn) and low thermal diffusivity alloys, such as Sn–Pb and Pb–Sb. The predictions furnished by the Hunt–Lu model do not match the cellular experimental scatter for any examined alloy system. However, this model matches well with the primary dendritic growth of Al alloys, with the exception of Al–Sn alloys, for which the Hunt–Thomas approach has to be applied. The primary dendritic predictions of Bouchard–Kirkaldy's model, performed with the originally suggested a ₁ calibration factors are, in most cases, located above the experimental points. Experimental growth laws relating cellular and dendritic spacings with the tip growth rate and the cooling rate, respectively, are established.     

Effect of buoyancy-driven convection on steady state dendritic growth in a binary alloy

The effect of buoyancy-driven convection on the steady state dendritic growth in an undercooled binary alloy is studied. For the case of the moderate modified Grashof number, the uniformly valid asymptotic solution in the entire region of space is obtained by means of the matched asymptotic expansion method. The analytical results show that the buoyancy- driven convection has a significant effect on the needle-like interface of dendritic growth. Due to the buoyancy-driven convection, the needle-like interface shape of the crystal is changed. When the Peclet number that is not affected by the buoyant flow is less than a certain critical value, the interface shape of the dendrite becomes thinner as the Grashof number increases; when it is larger than the critical value, the interface shape becomes fatter as the Grashof number increases. In the undercooled binary alloy the morphology number plays an active role in the interface shape and leads to the buoyancy effect that is different from the situation for the pure melt. The smaller the morphology number is, the more significant change the interface shape has. As the Peclet number further increases, the effect of buoyancy on the interface diminishes eventually.     

晶体取向对定向凝固枝晶生长的影响

采用类金属透明模型合金丁二腈-1.0 wt%乙醇(SCN-1.0 wt% Eth)合金, 考察了晶体取向对定向凝固过程中晶粒的平界面失稳孕育时间、枝晶形态演化以及枝晶一次间距的影响. 结果表明, 随着枝晶择优生长方向与温度梯度方向夹角的增大, 晶粒的平界面失稳孕育时间增加, 界面的稳定性增强; 对于不同晶体取向的枝晶形态演化, 枝晶择优生长方向与温度梯度方向夹角越大, 枝晶二次臂不对称生长越严重, 同时, 具有生长优势的枝晶二次臂对相邻枝晶的生长的抑制越强烈; 至于不同晶体取向的枝晶一次间距, 随着枝晶择优生长方向与温度梯度方向夹角的增大, 枝晶一次间距增大. 关键词： 定向凝固 平界面失稳 枝晶间距 晶体取向     

等轴晶在过热溶液落管中的下落熔化特性研究

研究了NH4Cl等轴晶在过热NH4Cl-70 wt％H2O溶液落管内熔化中的形貌演化过程,并分析了溶液过热度及等轴晶初始尺寸对其下落速度和熔化速率的影响规律和机理.结果表明:等轴晶在过热溶液中下落时,若不发生旋转,其形貌由准轴对称形貌演变成非轴对称准三角形貌;若发生旋转,则有助于保持其准轴对称形貌.通过分析不同条件下等轴晶下落时的阻力系数,认为提高溶液过热度可获得更为光顺的等轴晶外形,增大其下落速度.等轴晶初始尺寸越大,其形貌复杂性提升及下落速度增大,会导致熔化速率加快.在等轴晶下落熔化的过程中,逐渐减小的下落速度减弱了界面前沿对流传质条件,使得单个等轴晶的熔化速率基本保持恒定.     

Dendrites and light mappings

It is shown that a metric continuum is a dendrite if and only if for every compact space (continuum) and for every light confluent mapping such that there is a copy of in for which the restriction is a homeomorphism. As a corollary it follows that only dendrites have the lifting property with respect to light confluent mappings. Other classes of mappings are also discussed. This is a continuation of a previous study by the authors (2000), where open mappings were considered.

     

锡离子添加剂在碱性溶液中对锌电极的作用

通过对锌酸盐和锡离子的共沉积研究了锡离子对锌酸的电沉积作用。实验结果表明锌酸盐的沉积形态从枝晶转变为的紧凑的小晶粒。随着锡离子添加剂含量的增加，锌枝晶被显著抑制。讨论了抑制机理。除了锡沉积在最优生长位置阻塞锌沉积外，锡上的高沉积过电位也是一个重要因素。     

锡离子添加剂在碱性溶液中对锌电极的作用

通过对锌酸盐和锡离子的共沉积研究了锡离子对锌酸的电沉积作用.实验结果表明锌酸盐的沉积形态从枝晶转变为的紧凑的小晶粒.随着锡离子添加剂含量的增加,锌枝晶被显著抑制.讨论了抑制机理.除了锡沉积在最优生长位置阻塞锌沉积外,锡上的高沉积过电位也是一个重要因素.