Morphology and physical properties of a novel Ramie‐PU blended nonwoven by electrospinning: The effect of cosolvent ratio

A novel macro/nano blended nonwoven with excellent physical properties was prepared by electrospinning polyurethane (PU) nanofibers onto the surface of ramie webs under different weight ratios of N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc)/acetone cosolvents. The ratio of cosolvents has a significant influence on the morphology, tensile properties, resilience, and thermal properties of the resultant samples. Bead‐free and fine interconnected nanofibers were obtained with an increase of acetone content up to 60 wt%. The total physical properties of the blended nonwovens were optimal for a DMAc/acetone ratio of 40/60, in which the tensile load at break, extension at break and Young's modulus were 441, 54, and 256% higher than that of pure ramie web, respectively. The resilience of the blended nonwovens was ～20% higher than that of nonblended ramie web. The significant improvement of physical properties may be due to the good connection between PU nanofiber membranes and ramie webs and the molecular chain structure differences, interconnected structural differences, and high extensibility of PU nanofibers, according to the results of crystallization by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and morphological observation by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 1–14, 2010     

能够高效脱胶的苎麻脱胶菌菌种初步研究

本文介绍了新发现的一些能较好脱胶的菌种。实验结果表明,确实是这些菌种起到了脱胶作用,而不是麻上自带的自然菌种。小试实验表明这些菌种具有比较好的脱胶能力,应该能够进行工业化生产。本研究是初步的,这些菌种的特性还有待于进一步研究。     

苎麻织物的酶加工及水污染控制

为了提高苎麻织物的深加工水平，本文从苎麻脱胶、退浆和酶减量处理三个方面介绍了生物酶在苎麻加工中的应用，重点对苎麻织物的纤维素酶减量处理的条件以及影响因素作了较系统的分析，并指出酶的使用可减少废水的环境污染。     

Structure of Ramie Treated by Liquid Ammonia

The morphology and supermolecular structures of the scoured/bleached ramie and scoured/bleached/liquid ammonia treated ramie were studied by means of scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, reverse gel permeation chromatography, etc. The results indic.ate that liquid ammonia treatment of the scoured/bleached ramie leads to a smoother surface, a lower crystalliuity, partial crystal transformation from cellulose Ⅰ to cellulose Ⅲ a decrease in the volume and cumulative surface area of the larger micropores and an increase in those of the smaller ones in the fiber.     

Effects of flame‐retardant ramie fiber on enhancing performance of the rigid polyurethane foams

Ramie fiber (RF) with excellent tensile strength was treated by a flame retardant and obtained the modified RF (MRF) that is incombustible. Then, MRF was used to improve the performance of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF). The mechanical properties of the composite were investigated by compressive strength test and shear stress test. The fire characteristics were studied using a cone calorimeter. And the thermal decomposition and flammable properties were further evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis and limiting oxygen index. The results showed that MRF improve the mechanical properties of RPUF and eliminate the harm of flammability of RF on the RPUF.     

苎麻纤维理化性能研究

苎麻以其纤维细长,强力高,吸湿、散湿、吸热,散热快而被公认为是一种品质优良的纺织原料．本文精选了几种目前我国种植的主要品种,借助于德国罗伊特林根应用研究所的先进技术对选定的品种作了全面测试．不同地区苎麻的油脂及半纤维素含量差异与木质素及总胶含量差异呈相同趋势．湖南省所产苎麻具有较高的油脂、半纤维素、木质素及总胶质含量．四川麻的油脂、半纤维素、木质素及胶质总含量则相应较低．山地麻含较高的果胶,半纤维素和总胶量．湖区麻的油脂,木质素及水溶物则含量较高．三季麻的果胶含量较高,其余化学成分及总含胶量则最低．     

等离子体喷枪氩等离子体处理苎麻脱胶菌引发诱变的重复性实验

本文介绍了使用一种等离子体喷枪的常压低温氩等离子体对苎麻脱胶菌物进行了诱变实验,曾发现使用Ar等离子体处理野生的苎麻脱胶菌进行处理后能够有比较快的脱胶速率和较好的脱胶质量,此次脱胶效果好的处理时间为3分钟.2年后作者再次做重复性实验,本次的处理时间分成1分钟、3分钟、5分钟和7分钟四组.结果表明经过处理的脱胶效果确实普遍比未处理的效果要好,因此作者推断等离子体喷枪氩等离子体处理苎麻脱胶菌后可以引发诱变效应.     

聚乳酸/苎麻纤维(PLA/RF)复合材料的制备与性能

对苎麻纤维(RF)进行偶联剂处理和聚乳酸(PLA)/氯仿溶液浸润处理后,采用溶液浇铸法制备PLA/RF复合材料,并观察RF处理后的表面形态及PLA/RF的等温结晶情况.结果表明:RF能够有效提高PLA/RF复合材料的拉伸强度;3种偶联剂(KH5501,KH570,A151)在80,℃下处理的RF对PLA的增强效果较在室温下处理的增强效果好;RF经过浸润处理后吸水率下降;在RF的浸润液中添加增塑剂柠檬酸三丁酯(TBC)能够提高材料断裂伸长率;通过偏光显微镜(POM)观察到,在靠近RF附近位置PLA球晶较其他位置处细小;随着TBC质量分数的增加,PLA球晶尺寸增大.     

Biocomposites based on ramie fibers and poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA): morphology and properties

We herein report effects of morphology of PLLA and natural fiber on combination properties of biocomposites based on PLLA and ramie fibers. For this purpose, short ramie fiber (FIB), ramie fabric (FAB), PLLA film (FPLLA), and PLLA powder (PPLLA) were used to investigate the structure–property relationship of PLLA biocomposites with 30 wt% ramie fiber prepared by hot compression molding. It is revealed that mechanical properties of biocomposites are strongly dependent on the morphology of PLLA and FAB. DMA test shows that the improved storage modulus was due to the better dispersion of FIB. DSC and POM tests show that PLLA/FIB biocomposites have the highest spherulite growth rate. TGA test shows that char residue at high temperature is affected by the dispersion of PLLA and ramie fiber. SEM images exhibit the different interfacial adhesion character of FIB and FAB in the PLLA matrix after the ramie fiber treated with alkali and silane. PLLA/FAB biocomposites have not only better anti‐dripping properties when burning but also better aging resistance in UV‐irradiation hydrothermal aging, and which can be attributed to fiber bundle and laminated PLLA biocomposites structure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

苎麻化学脱胶常压煮炼新工艺研究

本文介绍了在以CSZTZ高效苎麻脱胶助剂为基础建立的“二合一”常压煮炼苎麻脱胶新工艺及其生产应用情况.“二合一”常压脱胶新工艺将两锅一煮麻合并成一锅二煮麻,以CSZTZ助剂进行煮炼,其脱胶效率及质量都较一般的高压和常压法煮炼有较大提高,并可大大降低生产成本.