不同形貌WO3的水热合成及其在水处理中的应用研究

三氧化钨(WO₃)以其较窄的带隙,成为继二氧化钛(TiO₂)之后颇具发展潜力的n型半导体光催化剂.本文采用水热合成法,通过调控反应参数,如原料组成、沉淀时间等,合成了不同形貌和晶型的WO₃;采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、氮气吸附-脱附(N₂ adsorption-desorption)等表征了所合成的WO₃产品,发现原料组成、沉淀时间等条件对WO₃的晶型和形貌都有影响;研究了所合成的WO₃产品去除水中亚甲基蓝染料污染物的性能,结果表明,所制备的WO₃对水中亚甲基蓝具有较好的去除效果,去除率可达97%.     

生物材料用Mg-Y-Zn-Zr合金的微观结构及体外降解行为

通过向纯镁中添加微量的合金化元素（Y、Zn和Zr）,采用熔融浇铸法制备了名义成分为Mg1.5Y1.2Zn0.44Zr四元可降解镁合金生物材料,并对其进行了均匀化处理和挤压。 对这3种状态的镁合金进行了微观结构及在模拟体液(SBF)中体外降解行为的测试和分析,结果表明,合金主要由α-Mg基体和Mg12ZnY第二相组成;合金经过挤压后的组织得到了明显的细化;因此挤压后合金的降解性能得到明显改善;合金在模拟体液中生成的降解产物主要是含Ca和Mg的磷酸盐。     

Characteristics and Kinetics of Thermal Degradation of Fluoroether Rubber

An advanced, heat-resistant fluoroether rubber (FM-20) was subjected to dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in the air atmosphere. The results suggested that its thermal degradation process can be divided into two parts. As the heating rate increased, the initial decomposition temperature and degradation temperature would move to higher ranges. The apparent activation energy of thermal decomposition, calculated by the Kissinger, Friedman and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa methods were 209, 240, and 211kJ/mol, respectively. Furthermore, the probable thermal degradation mechanism was also analyzed by the Coats-Redfern method. As a result, the most reasonable thermal degradation mechanism of FM-20 was g (α) = α^3/2     

Structural changes in Poly(lactic acid)–zeolite nanocomposites exposed to 60Co gamma rays

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites containing 3%, 5% and 7% zeolite used in the present research study were prepared by solution casting. The PLA nanocomposites were structurally characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The effects of the gamma radiation at the absorbed doses of 10, 15 and 20?kGy on the structures and thermal properties of the nanocomposites were investigated in a tetrahydrofuran solvent. Thermodecomposition tests and analyses were carried within 30–500°C range at the rate of 10°C?min^?1 by thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The activation energies for thermal degradation of the nanocomposites were calculated from their TG data by Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method. The G values of the nanocomposites were calculated based on molecular weights which were measured by means of gel permeation chromatography before and after the gamma irradiation. The E_a and molecular weight results showed that addition of zeolite to the PLA affected the radiation resistance of the polymer.     

Enhanced sonocatalytic degradation of organic dyes from aqueous solutions by novel synthesis of mesoporous Fe3O4-graphene/ZnO@SiO2 nanocomposites

Fe₃O₄-graphene/ZnO@mesoporous-SiO₂ (MGZ@SiO₂) nanocomposites was synthesized via a simple one pot hydrothermal method. The as-obtained samples were investigated using various techniques, as follows: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and specific surface area (BET) vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), among others. The sonocatalytic activities of the catalysts were tested according to the oxidation for the removal of methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and rhodamine B (RhB) under ultrasonic irradiation. The optimal conditions including the irradiation time, pH, dye concentration, catalyst dosage, and ultrasonic intensity are 60 min, 11, 50 mg/L, 1.00 g/L, and 40 W/m², respectively. The MGZ@SiO₂ showed the higher enhanced sonocatalytic degradation from among the three dyes; furthermore, the sonocatalytic-degradation mechanism is discussed. This study shows that the MGZ@SiO₂ can be applied as a novel-design catalyst for the removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solutions.     

Development of photocatalyst coated fluoropolymer based microreactor using ultrasound for water remediation

Formation of thin layers of photocatalyst in photo-microreactor is a challenging work considering the properties of both catalyst and the microchannel material. The deposition of semiconductor materials on fluoropolymer based microcapillary requires the use of economical methods which are also less energy dependent. The current work introduces a new method for depositing nanoparticles of TiO₂ on the inner walls of a hexafluoropropylene tetrafluoroethylene microtube under mild conditions using ultrasound technique. During the ultrasonication process, changes in the polymer surface were observed and characterized using Attenuated Total Reflectance spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Confocal Microscopy. The rough patches form sites for catalyst deposition resulting in the formation of thin layer of TiO₂ nanoparticles in the inner walls of the microtube. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO₂ coated fluoropolymer based microcapillary was evaluated for removal of phenol present in water.     

Sonoprecipitation dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles over graphene oxide used in photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution: Influence of irradiation time and power

In this paper, ZnO/Graphene Oxide (ZnO/GO) is synthesized via ultrasound assisted precipitation method and the effect of power and ultrasound time irradiation is studied on photocatalyst properties. The synthesized samples are used for methylene blue (MB) degradation as an organic water pollutant. Physicochemical properties of the samples are investigated by XRD, FESEM, EDX, BET-BJH, FTIR and DRS techniques. Moreover, pH_pzc of the sample with the best performance is calculated to study the effect of acidity on the photocatalyst efficiency in photocatalytic process. Ultrasound has a positive effect on photocatalyst performance that is because of its effect on distribution of particles and semiconductor band gap, but it has no effect on photostability of the nanocomposite. Sonication has modified distribution of particles by enhancing the active sites for oxidation process. Making structural gaps by ultrasound irradiation increases available surface area which has a similar effect on photocatalyst performance. Graphene oxide as electron collector and transporter prevents electron-hole recombination and it can be an acceptable reason for enhancement at photocatalyst performance. Finally, some of operational parameters such as pH, photocatalyst loading and dye concentration are investigated.     

喹诺酮类抗生素在水环境中降解和吸附影响因素

抗生素污染会对水生态系统和人类健康产生风险,其在水环境中的主要迁移转化途径为吸附和降解,环境条件直接影响抗生素在水环境中的残留水平.为进一步确定抗生素在水环境中降解和吸附行为的影响因素,以喹诺酮类抗生素为例,在建立高效液相色谱-质谱法测试喹诺酮类抗生素的基础上,通过单一变量实验研究介质粒径、水环境pH和初始浓度对氧氟沙星和加替沙星降解和吸附行为的影响.结果 表明:在颗粒粒径0.25～2 mm,介质粒径越小,抗生素降解效率越低,在入渗能力和透气性较好的粗颗粒介质中,更有利于抗生素的降解和吸附.氧氟沙星和加替沙星降解率最高的pH分别为7.38和7.73,天然水pH范围利于抗生素的降解自净;在细砂介质中的吸附过程符合Freundlich方程,初始浓度对细砂介质中抗生素去除率的影响较为显著,随着初始浓度的增加而增大,在初始浓度为60μg/L达到峰值,继而缓慢降低,过高或过低的初始浓度均不利于抗生素的吸附和降解.     

A Critical Review on the Analysis of Metal Soaps in Oil Paintings

Up to 70 % of the oil paintings conserved in collections present metal soaps, which result from the chemical reaction between metal ions present in the painted layers and free fatty acids from the lipidic binders. In recent decades, conservators and conservation scientists have been systematically identifying various and frequent conservation problems that can be linked to the formation of metal soaps. It is also increasingly recognized that metal soap formation may not compromise the integrity of paint so there is a need for careful assessment of the implications of metal soaps for conservation. This review aims to critically assess scientific literature related to commonly adopted analytical techniques for the analysis of metal soaps in oil paintings. A comparison of different analytical methods is provided, highlighting advantages associated with each, as well as limitations identified through the analysis of reference materials and applications to the analysis of samples from historical paintings.     

Degradation Study of Polymers from Renewable Resources and their Compositions in Industrial Composting Pile

Summary: Polyesters produced from renewable resources and susceptible to hydrolysis under the industrial composting conditions offer ecological advantages as compared to thermoplastics polymers and elastomers produced from fossil carbon sources. In this paper the degradation behaviour of polymer compositions of BTA, PLA and a-PHB in natural environment of industrial composting pile, consisting of leaves - 40%, branches - 30% and grass - 30%, have been presented. The extend of degradation was monitored by macroscopic observations of sample surfaces, changes of molecular weight, polydispersity and composition of the tested materials and their weight loss.