Gold catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of arenediazonium o-benzenedisulfonimides

Arenediazonium o-benzenedisulfonimides have been used as efficient electrophilic partners in Au(I) catalysed Suzuki coupling reactions. The synthetic protocol is general, easy and produced either biaryls or heteroaryl arenes in good yields (51 positive examples, average yield 80%). o-Benzenedisulfonimide was recovered at the end of the reactions and was reused to prepare the starting salts for further reactions. Mechanistic insights suggest that the o-benzenedisulfonimide anion act as an electron transfer agent and promotes a catalytic cycle which does not require the presence of photocatalysts or external oxidants.     

基于零价铁的地下水化学还原修复体系中的电子转移有效性和电子竞争机制

近年来,基于零价铁的化学还原技术因其高效性逐渐被应用于受污染地下水的原位修复。但是,该技术在实际应用中仍面临一些亟待解决的问题。零价铁作为一种高活性的电子供体,除了和目标污染物反应外,还可以与地下水中其他的氧化性物质（如O₂、H⁺或NO₃^-等）反应。这些反应所造成的零价铁腐蚀,不仅会降低修复效率还会增加地下水修复成本。此外,同类或多类污染物间也存在对零价铁所释放电子的相互竞争,从而影响各自的去除效率。本文综述了基于零价铁的地下水修复体系中的电子传递过程和氧化物间的电子竞争机制,从零价铁的腐蚀和电子传递、零价铁电子选择性量化指标的提出和量化方法、地下水体中多种共存氧化物间电子竞争作用、电子效率的影响因素以及强化措施等方面进行详细介绍。最后,对该技术今后发展方向作出了展望,以期为其今后实际的地下水修复应用提供参考。     

Pt/SAPO-11催化剂载体的改性对正十四烷临氢转化性能的影响

以Pt/SAPO-11双功能催化剂为基础,对催化剂载体进行柠檬酸、炭黑改性,以正十四烷为模型化合物,通过催化剂表征和反应评价,探索了催化剂载体的改性对正十四烷临氢转化性能的影响。结果表明,异构化产物以单甲基异构物为主,改性没有改变催化剂的酸强度,但使得酸浓度有所下降。通过柠檬酸调变催化剂的酸性使得催化剂的低温催化活性显著提高,采用炭黑扩孔改性,有效改善了催化剂的传质性能,提高了催化剂的单甲基异构体选择性。柠檬酸和炭黑改性的催化剂裂化产物均以C6为主,改性并没有改变SAPO-11分子筛的孔道限制效应,裂化产物呈现一定的择型效应,裂化产物分布呈现出不对称分布的特点。     

Functional Hydride Transfer by a Thiolate‐Containing Model of Mono‐Iron Hydrogenase featuring an Anthracene Scaffold

We report the synthesis, X‐ray structure and functional biomimetic activity of a model complex of mono‐iron hydrogenase (Hmd). To achieve the desired biomimetic fac‐CNS(thiolate) ligation motif, an anthracene framework is used to provide the requisite donors in a single chelate. A bulky aryl thiolate (ortho dimethylphenyl) is included to achieve mononuclearity. In addition to exhibiting structural (X‐ray) and spectroscopic (NMR, IR) similarity to the enzyme, the complex is competent for H₂ activation (heterolysis) and hydride transfer to a model substrate—mimicking the functional behavior of the enzyme in a biomimetic CNS coordination sphere for the first time.     

Distinct Electron Conductance Regimes in Bacterial Decaheme Cytochromes

Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 gains energy by extracellular electron transfer to solid surfaces. They employ c‐type cytochromes in two Mtr transmembrane complexes, forming a multiheme wire for electron transport across the cellular outer membrane. We investigated electron‐ and hole‐transfer mechanisms in the external terminal of the two complexes, MtrC and MtrF. Comparison of computed redox potentials with previous voltammetry experiments in distinct environments (isolated and electrode‐bound conditions of PFV or in vivo) suggests that these systems function in different regimes depending on the environment. Analysis of redox potential shifts in different regimes indicates strong coupling between the hemes via an interplay between direct Coulomb and indirect interactions through local structural reorganization. The latter results in the screening of Coulomb interactions and explains poor correlation of the strength of the heme‐to‐heme interactions with the distance between the hemes.     

Selective Hydrogen Atom Abstraction through Induced Bond Polarization: Direct α‐Arylation of Alcohols through Photoredox,HAT, and Nickel Catalysis

The combination of nickel metallaphotoredox catalysis, hydrogen atom transfer catalysis, and a Lewis acid activation mode, has led to the development of an arylation method for the selective functionalization of alcohol α‐hydroxy C?H bonds. This approach employs zinc‐mediated alcohol deprotonation to activate α‐hydroxy C?H bonds while simultaneously suppressing C?O bond formation by inhibiting the formation of nickel alkoxide species. The use of Zn‐based Lewis acids also deactivates other hydridic bonds such as α‐amino and α‐oxy C?H bonds. This approach facilitates rapid access to benzylic alcohols, an important motif in drug discovery. A 3‐step synthesis of the drug Prozac exemplifies the utility of this new method.     

Vinyl Sulfonate Esters: Efficient Chain Transfer Agents for the 3D Printing of Tough Photopolymers without Retardation

The formation of networks through light‐initiated radical polymerization allows little freedom for tailored network design. The resulting inhomogeneous network architectures and brittle material behavior of such glassy‐type networks limit the commercial application of photopolymers in 3D printing, biomedicine, and microelectronics. An ester‐activated vinyl sulfonate ester (EVS) is presented for the rapid formation of tailored methacrylate‐based networks. The chain transfer step induced by EVS reduces the kinetic chain length of the photopolymer, thus shifting the gel point to higher conversion, which results in reduced shrinkage stress and higher overall conversion. The resulting, more homogeneous network is responsible for the high toughness of the material. The unique property of EVS to promote nearly retardation‐free polymerization can be attributed to the fact that after the transfer step no polymerizable double bond is formed, as is usually seen in classical chain transfer agents. Laser flash photolysis, theoretical calculations, and photoreactor studies were used to elucidate the fast chain transfer reaction and exceptional regulating ability of EVS. Final photopolymer networks exhibit improved mechanical performance making EVS an outstanding candidate for the 3D printing of tough photopolymers.     

ZrO4/SiO2-Al2O3催化肉桂醛MPV转移加氢性能

以九水合硝酸铝（Al（NO₃）₃·9H₂O）与正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为前驱盐,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备一系列不同Al₂O₃含量的SiO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物,并通过浸渍硝酸氧锆引入ZrO₂,制备ZrO₂/SiO₂-Al₂O₃复合氧化物催化剂,考察催化剂在肉桂醛（CAL）MPV转移加氢中的催化性能,并结合N₂物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、NH₃-程度升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）、Py-原位红外（Py-IR）等技术,研究催化剂结构、织构以及表面性质与其催化性能间的构效关系.研究表明,所制备的催化剂均以L酸为主,并含有少量B酸中心,这使得加氢产物以肉桂醇（COL）为主,并含有少量1-苯丙烯-2-丙基醚（CPE）.Al₂O₃含量不仅影响催化剂表面的酸中心数量,而且对催化剂的织构参数有较大影响.随Al₂O₃含量的增加,催化剂表面L酸与B酸中心均有所增加,而孔径则持续变小,这使得催化反应呈现CAL转化率先增加后减少、目标产物COL选择性先稍有减小后有所增加的趋势.在Si/Al比为2时,催化剂具有最优的催化性能,优化反应条件下,CAL转化率达96%,目标产物COL选择性达90%.     

Effervescence-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on deep eutectic solvent for preconcentration and FAAS determination of copper in aqueous samples

A new effervescence-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, EA-DLLME, technique was developed for preconcentration and flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination of copper in aqueous samples. Effervescence assistance and DES combination for metal ion extraction was used for the first time. In the presented study, six different effervescence powders were examined to achieve maximum extraction efficiency. In addition, 1,5 diphenyl carbazide was used as complexing agent and DES prepared by mixing choline chloride and phenol was used as extraction solvent. The effect of several parameters such as pH, concentration of complexing agent, composition and volume of DES, amount of THF, composition and amount of effervescent agent were examined. Performed experiments showed that optimum pH was 6.0, the best effervesce powder composition was NaH₂PO₄:Na₂CO₃ with 2 × 10^?3:1 × 10^?3 molar ratio and the amount of effervesce powder was 0.4 g. Under optimum conditions enhancement factor, limit of detection and limit of quantification were calculated as 78, 2.9 and 9.7 μg L^?1, respectively. In addition, to prove precision of the method intra-day relative standard deviations were calculated for 10 and 50 μg L^?1 Cu²⁺ concentrations and found as 2.1% and 1.3%, respectively. The proposed method showed good linearity within the range of 10.0–100 μg L^?1. Finally, proposed method was successfully applied to determination of copper traces in aqueous samples.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel polymer-drug conjugate based on the anhydride containing copolymer as a potential method for drug carrier

5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is in clinical use as an antitumor agent for the treatment of several types of solid tumors and cancers. However, development of drug resistance within the tumor cells and side effects has been a major limitation for the clinical use of 5FU. Preparation polymer-5FU conjugation is a promising potential antitumor drug and alternative pathway that could be used to treatment of cancer. For this purpose, water soluble poly(maleic anhydride-alt-N-vinyl pyrrolidone)[Poly(MA-alt-NVP)] is synthesized via charge transfer complex (CTC) copolymerization with benzoyl peroxide as an initiator at 80°C under nitrogen atmosphere. CTC mechanism is formed between through MA and NVP by determined using Uv-vis spectroscopy. Molar absorption coefficient (?^AD) and equilibrium constant (K^AD) of the complex are determined by Scott equation. The results obtained from indicate that copolymerization of MA:NVP system is preceded via alternating mechanism. The compositions of synthesized copolymers are also investigated by elemental analysis and the reactivity ratios of these monomers are calculated by using the elemental analysis data through Kelen-Tüdös, Mayo-Lewis, Fineman-Ross and Inverted Fineman-Ross equations. For preparation of polymer-drug conjugate, chemical modification is employed between the copolymer and 5FU. Polymer-drug conjugate and conjugation mechanism are enlightened by ATR-FTIR, NMR, HR-Raman and XRD methods.