油气上窜速度的精确计算方法

上窜速度是反映油气活跃程度的一个非常重要的参数。对于钻井作业来说,直接影响钻井作业的井控安全。如果油气上窜速度不准确,很容易导致井涌、井喷等井控事故;同时也会造成钻井液密度的不合理,从而对油气层造成污染。现场用的迟到时间法计算油气上窜速度存在着较大的误差。根据油气在钻井液中运移的规律分析,得出油气上窜速度一种新计算方法,该方法综合考虑了钻具的排替作用、井身结构、以及开泵后油气在钻井液中的运移对其上窜高度的影响,对油气运移时间进行了修正,从而得到更加精确的油气上窜速度。经过现场实验表明,该计算方法可靠,可为准确判断油气活跃程度,为安全钻井作业提供依据。     

基于改进的深度卷积神经网络的人脸疲劳检测

针对疲劳驾驶检测问题,提出一种以softmax损失与中心损失相结合的深度卷积神经网络算法。首先,利用含有方向的梯度直方图(histogram of oriented gridients,HOG)和级联分类器(support vector machine,SVM)算法的Dlib库中预训练的人脸检测器,来检测驾驶员的脸部区域。其次,使用级联回归(ensemble of regression trees,ERT)算法实现脸部68个关键点标定及眼睛和嘴巴的定位。最后,为了优化softmax损失在深度卷积网络分类中出现的类内间距大的问题,加入中心损失函数,提高类间差异性、类内紧密性以及驾驶员脸部疲劳状态识别准确率。在自建测试集和YawDD哈欠数据集中的实验结果显示,该方法能够准确地识别检测驾驶员疲劳表情,平均识别准确率达到98.81%。与传统的疲劳驾驶检测识别方法相比,该方法可以自动进行疲劳特征提取,并且训练准确率、检测识别率及鲁棒性得到提高;与未改进的深度卷积网络相比,检测识别的概率平均提高了约5.09%。     

Spin–orbit coupling effects on the in-plane optical anisotropy of semiconductor quantum wells

We theoretically study the influence of the spin–orbit coupling(SOC) on the in-plane optical anisotropy(IPOA) induced by in-plane uniaxial strain and interface asymmetry in(001) GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells(QWs) with different well width. It is found that the SOC has more significant impact on the IPOA for the transition of the first valence subband of heavy hole to the first conduction band(1H1E) than that of 1L1E. The reason has been discussed. The IPOA of(001) InGaAs/InP QWs has been measured by reflectance difference spectroscopy, whose amplitude is about one order larger than that of GaAs/AlGaAs QWs. The anisotropic interface potential parameters of InGaAs/InP QWs are also determined. The influence of the SOC effect on the IPOA of InGaAs/InP QWs when the QWs are under tensile, compressive or zero biaxial strain are also investigated in theory. Our results demonstrate that the SOC has significant effect on the IPOA especially for semiconductor QWs with small well width, and therefore cannot be ignored.     

Kink effect in current–voltage characteristics of a GaN-based high electron mobility transistor with an AlGaN back barrier

The kink effect in current–voltage(IV)characteristic s seriously deteriorates the performance of a GaN-based HEMT.Based on a series of direct current(DC)IV measurements in a GaN-based HEMT with an AlGaN back barrier,a possible mechanism with electron-trapping and detrapping processes is proposed.Kink-related deep levels are activated by a high drain source voltage(Vds)and located in a GaN channel layer.Both electron trapping and detrapping processes are accomplished with the help of hot electrons from the channel by impact ionization.Moreover,the mechanism is verified by two other DC IV measurements and a model with an expression of the kink current.     

梨树断陷页岩气水平井钻井关键技术

为解决部署在梨树断陷的首口页岩气水平井梨页1HF井存在的井壁失稳风险高、机械钻速低、固井施工难度大、井眼轨迹控制难度大等技术难题。在梨页1HF井施工过程中,通过综合应用油基钻井液、旋转导向地质导向、双凝双密度水泥浆等技术,并进行了钻头优选和钻具组合优化。施工结果表明井眼稳定,井眼轨迹平滑,水平段共完成进尺1 020 m,储层钻遇率92.7%,固井质量优秀。该井实现了安全、高效钻进,实际钻井周期22.56 d,较设计钻井周期缩短了14.94 d,平均机械钻速7.98 m/h,较设计提高了82.19%。该井良好的施工效果,可见对后续梨树断陷页岩气水平井施工具有积极的指导和借鉴作用。     

High sensitivity Hall devices with AlSb/InAs quantum well structures

AlSb/InAs quantum well (QW) structures and InAs films on GaAs (001) substrates were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). We investigated the dependence of electron mobility and two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) concentration on the thickness of an InAs channel. It is found that electron mobility as high as 19050 cm2·V-1·s-1 has been achieved for an InAs channel of 22.5 nm. The Hall devices with high sensitivity and good temperature stability were fabricated based on the AlSb/InAs QW structures. Their sensitivity is markedly superior to Hall devices of InAs films.     

复杂地层岩石力学参数实时求取方法——以塔里木盆地巴楚隆起为例

非常规油气、干热岩、超深井等领域的钻完井工程对岩石力学服务的及时性与准确性提出了迫切需求,基于矿物及干酪根等岩石骨架组成成分具有固定的岩石物理及岩石力学特性,通过低成本、低风险、高实时性、高采样率的岩石成分录井技术开展岩石力学参数求取方法研究,以偶极子阵列声波计算岩石力学参数的模型作正演,确定通过矿物计算岩石力学参数的可行性,然后以组成矿物的元素成分直接构建岩石力学参数,并对两种方法进行对比。653个复杂岩性数据点,正演法计算的杨氏弹性模量、泊松比的平均相对误差分别为16.3%、9.8%;直接法计算的杨氏弹性模量、泊松比的平均相对误差分别为10.0%、6.8%。结果表明,通过元素直接构建的岩石力学参数具有更高的精度,在岩性相对简单的地区应用效果更好。     

THE ZONAL DISINTEGRATION MECHANISM OF SURROUNDING ROCK AROUND DEEP SPHERICAL TUNNELS UNDER HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE CONDITION: A NON-EUCLIDEAN CONTINUUM DAMAGE MODEL

A new non-Euclidean continuum damage model is proposed to investigate the zonal disintegration phenomenon of the surrounding rocks around deep spherical tunnels under hydrostatic pressure condition as well as the total elastic stress field distributions.The elastic stress fields of the surrounding rocks around deep spherical tunnels under hydrostatic pressure condition are obtained.If the elastic stresses of the surrounding rocks satisfy the strength criterion of the deep rock masses,the number,size and location of fractured and nonfractured zones are determined.The efect of physico-mechanical parameters of the surrounding rocks on the zonal disintegration phenomenon is studied and numerical computation is carried out.It is found from numerical results that the number,size and location of fractured and non-fractured zones are sensitive to the physico-mechanical parameters of the surrounding rocks.     

正盘台隧道超前帷幕注浆合理范围

富水隧道开挖易引起突涌水、掌子面失稳和支护结构位移过大等问题,采用帷幕注浆可加固围岩并止水,进而保障隧道施工安全。为寻求合理超前帷幕注浆范围,本文依托京张铁路正盘台隧道实际,通过FLAC3D数值模拟手段建立了渗流场与应力场的耦合模型,研究深埋富水段隧道超前帷幕不同注浆范围对围岩稳定性和渗流规律的影响,从而指导工程实践。研究表明：全断面帷幕注浆和全周边注浆可较好满足正盘台隧道不同渗水段安全需求。     

深层碳酸盐岩储层有机酸深穿透酸压工艺

利用常规酸液体系对深层碳酸盐岩储层进行酸压改造时面临着酸蚀缝长短、导流能力递减快等问题。为实现这类储层的高效改造,对有机酸、胶凝酸等不同的酸液体系获得的有效作用距离及长期导流能力进行实验研究。对比不同酸液体系的酸岩反应动力学方程,可知相较于胶凝酸,有机酸有效作用距离能提高10倍以上,但有机酸在低闭合应力(10 MPa)和高闭合应力(60 MPa)下长期导流能力均低于胶凝酸液体系。为在实现酸蚀裂缝长有效缝长及高导流能力,提出了"有机酸+胶凝酸"注入方式,先用有机酸进行远端刻蚀,再用胶凝酸提高近井导流能力。并对典型井优化,得到施工排量8～10 m~3/min,施工液量850～950 m~3,施工段塞在2～3段能取得较好的酸压施工效果。