Electrical Stimulation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Conductive Substrates Promotes Neural Priming

Electrical stimulation (ES) within a conductive scaffold is potentially beneficial in encouraging the differentiation of stem cells toward a neuronal phenotype. To improve stem cell-based regenerative therapies, it is essential to use electroconductive scaffolds with appropriate stiffnesses to regulate the amount and location of ES delivery. Herein, biodegradable electroconductive substrates with different stiffnesses are fabricated from chitosan-grafted-polyaniline (CS-g-PANI) copolymers. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) cultured on soft conductive scaffolds show a morphological change with significant filopodial elongation after electrically stimulated culture along with upregulation of neuronal markers and downregulation of glial markers. Compared to stiff conductive scaffolds and non-conductive CS scaffolds, soft conductive CS-g-PANI scaffolds promote increased expression of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and neurofilament heavy chain (NF-H) after application of ES. At the same time, there is a decrease in the expression of the glial markers glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin after ES. Furthermore, the elevation of intracellular calcium [Ca²⁺] during spontaneous, cell-generated Ca²⁺ transients further suggests that electric field stimulation of hMSCs cultured on conductive substrates can promote a neural-like phenotype. The findings suggest that the combination of the soft conductive CS-g-PANI substrate and ES is a promising new tool for enhancing neuronal tissue engineering outcomes.     

深度神经网络模型数字水印技术研究进展综述

近年来,深度神经网络模型在各种应用领域都取得了巨大的成功,训练先进的深度神经网络模型仍需要大规模的数据集、高昂的算力成本和优异的算法思想,生成的深度神经网络模型成为一种宝贵的资源,也是完成人工智能应用领域某项特定任务的核心算法。因此,深度神经网络模型的安全则变得极其重要,利用数字水印版权保护技术保障模型的安全已经成为人工智能安全领域一个重要的研究方向。为了综述深度神经网络模型数字水印版权保护技术的最新研究进展,首先介绍了深度神经网络模型数字水印技术分类;其次介绍了深度神经网络模型数字水印版权保护技术基础概况;再次归纳总结了深度神经网络模型数字水印版权保护技术的研究方法;最后总结并展望了深度神经网络模型数字水印版权保护领域的研究重点和发展方向。     

普通高校体育教学中创造性的激发与培养

面对21世纪知识经济时代的挑战,以及教育的发展趋势和现代社会对人才的要求,我们的体育教学,应以确立“以人为本”的现代教育观为发展方向,以培养“学生的创造精神和实践能力”为重点,以“健康第一”和“终身体育”的指导思想为根本目的。教育的根本目标是培养有创造性、身心健康的人,而体育运动本身所具备的特征就是创造力。因此,激发学生学习体育的兴趣,培养学生的自主能力与创造性、就成了体育教学追求的目标。     

一次深呼吸洗氮的数学模拟

在Weible肺解剖模型基础上,经过简化得到了适合数字模拟计算的肺数学模型,推导了一维肺数学模型下气体在肺内的传输和扩散方程,对一次深呼吸洗氮进行了数学模拟,得到了一次深呼吸洗氮氮浓度与呼出气体体积的关系曲线,并与实验结果有较好的吻合,结果对研究气体在肺内的传输与扩散有重要的参考价值。     

preconcentration and determination of amoxicillin and ceftriaxone in hospital sewage using vortex-assisted liquid-phase microextraction based on the solidification of the deep eutectic solvent followed by HPLC–UV

In the present study, a new method for extraction and preconcentration of amoxicillin and ceftriaxone was used in hospitalised sewage samples, called vortex-assisted liquid-phase microextraction based on the solidification of deep eutectic solvent. Samples were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection after preparation and extraction. In this method, the new deep eutectic solvent is used as the extraction solvent, which is obtained from the combination of 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and n-butanoic acid. The important advantages of this novel extraction solvent include material stability, low density and good freezing point near room temperature. Under the optimum conditions, enrichment factors are in the range of 164–172. Repeatability and reproducibility of the method based on seven replicate measurements of 50.0 µg L^?1 of the target analytes in analysed samples were in the range of 2.1–3.5% and 3.8–5.2%, respectively. The limit of detections and linearity are in the range of 0.005–0.10 and 3–600 µg L^?1, respectively. The method was successfully applied for the determination of amoxicillin and ceftriaxone in the real sewage samples. The relative recoveries of sewage samples spiked with amoxicillin and ceftriaxone are 91–107%.     

An Enzyme Sensor For Determination of Acetylcholine and Choline In Rat Brain Extracts

Abstract

A choline enzyme sensor, recently developed by the authors, was used for choline and acetylcholine determination in rat brain extracts, using choline oxidase immobilized on cellulose triacetate membranes, and acetylcholinesterase in homogeneous solution. the method proved useful for assay of the acetylcholine content in a commercial pharmaceutical formulation used in ophthalmology.     

基于深度学习与数据增强技术的小样本岩石分类

在油气勘探中,利用深度学习技术对岩石进行识别与分类能极大提高工作效率。岩石采样并制作样本图像费时费力,因此岩石样本通常较少。有鉴于此,基于深度学习技术设计一个新的神经网络模型MyNet,该模型能对小样本进行学习并完成岩石样本的分类。使用数据增强技术通过Python编程将314张岩石样本扩充成28 272张图像,为了充分利用现有数据,取其中的27 384张作为训练集,剩余888张作为测试集。将数据分别导入MyNet、ResNet50、Vgg16进行训练和测试。实验结果表明,加载、不加载预训练参数的ResNet50、Vgg16的岩石分类结果因受有无迁移学习影响会有所不同;MyNet的总体分类准确率为75.6%,均优于有无迁移学习的ResNet50、Vgg16,且MyNet、ResNet50、Vgg16所需训练的参数量分别为919 278、25 503 912、138 357 544,显然,MyNet模型的复杂度与训练代价明显低于其他对比模型,但性能最优,说明新模型应用于小样本的岩石分类可行有效且经济安全,更容易推广应用。     

毛细管气相色谱法测定深海鱼油中的EPA和DHA含量

用氢氧化钾－甲醇酯化法将深海鱼油中的脂肪酸快速、有效地转化成脂肪酸甲酯,然后进行毛细管气相色谱法测定,以二十二碳饱和脂肪酸甲酯为内标物,建立了5,8,11,14,17－二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和4,7,10,13,16,19－二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的定量分析方法,并用于实际样品分析。该方法对EPA和DHA定量分析的相对标准偏差分别为4．6％和5．0％,回收率分别为99．7％和99．4％。     

Low-Temperature CH4 Total Oxidation on Catalysts Based on High Surface Area SnO2

Pure SnO₂, sulfated SnO₂-SO₄ ^2- and Pd supported on SnO₂ and SnO₂-SO₄ ^2- were prepared from SnO₂ precursor with high surface area, and used for CH₄ deep oxidation. The catalysts were characterized by means of N₂-BET, XRD, TG-DTA, XPS and TPD. SnO₂-SO₄ ^2- shows higher activity than SnO₂, due to the presence of more active oxygen species, superacid sites and its higher BET surface area. Pd/SnO₂ and Pd/SnO₂-SO₄ ^2- display essentially the same activity to each other, while it is much higher than the activity on SnO₂ and SnO₂-SO₄ ^2-. The main reason is ascribed to the concerted action between Pd and the supports.     

Enhanced headspace single drop microextraction method using deep eutectic solvent based magnetic bucky gels: Application to the determination of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons in water and urine samples

A facile headspace single drop microextraction method was developed using deep eutectic solvent‐based magnetic bucky gel as the extraction solvent for the first time. The hydrophobic magnetic bucky gel was formed by combining choline chloride/chlorophenol deep eutectic solvent and magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposite. Magnetic susceptibility, high viscosity, high sorbing ability, and tunable extractability of organic analytes are the desirable advantages of the prepared gel. Using a rod magnet as a suspensor in combination with the magnetic susceptibility of the prepared gel resulted in a highly stable droplet. This stable droplet eliminated the possibility of drop dislodgement. The prepared droplet made it possible to complete the extraction process in high temperatures and elevated agitation rates. Furthermore, using larger micro‐droplet volumes without any operational problems became possible. These facts resulted in shorter sample preparation time, higher sensitivity of the method, and lower detection limits. Under the optimized conditions, an enrichment factor of 520–587, limit of detection of 0.05–0.90 ng/mL, and linearity range of 0.2–2000 ng/mL (coefficient of determination = 0.9982–0.9995) were obtained. Relative standard deviations were < 10%. This method was successfully coupled with gas chromatography and used for the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene isomers as harmful volatile organic compounds in water and urine samples.