Performance of an optical stabilization system at NSLS beamline U12IR

A low-cost optical feedback system using dynamic mirrors has been developed at the NSLS for stabilizing the position and direction of an infrared synchrotron beam against thermal drift and mechanical noise. The system design has some unique features that potentially simplify installation into an existing infrared beamline. We describe the system and its features along with some performance results.     

The Stabilization Effect of CO2 in Lithium–Oxygen/CO2 Batteries

The lithium (Li)–air battery has an ultrahigh theoretical specific energy, however, even in pure oxygen (O₂), the vulnerability of conventional organic electrolytes and carbon cathodes towards reaction intermediates, especially O₂⁻, and corrosive oxidation and crack/pulverization of Li metal anode lead to poor cycling stability of the Li-air battery. Even worse, the water and/or CO₂ in air bring parasitic reactions and safety issues. Therefore, applying such systems in open-air environment is challenging. Herein, contrary to previous assertions, we have found that CO₂ can improve the stability of both anode and electrolyte, and a high-performance rechargeable Li–O₂/CO₂ battery is developed. The CO₂ not only facilitates the in situ formation of a passivated protective Li₂CO₃ film on the Li anode, but also restrains side reactions involving electrolyte and cathode by capturing O₂⁻. Moreover, the Pd/CNT catalyst in the cathode can extend the battery lifespan by effectively tuning the product morphology and catalyzing the decomposition of Li₂CO₃. The Li–O₂/CO₂ battery achieves a full discharge capacity of 6628 mAh g⁻¹ and a long life of 715 cycles, which is even better than those of pure Li–O₂ batteries.     

The Stabilization Effect of CO2 in Lithium–Oxygen/CO2 Batteries

The lithium (Li)–air battery has an ultrahigh theoretical specific energy, however, even in pure oxygen (O₂), the vulnerability of conventional organic electrolytes and carbon cathodes towards reaction intermediates, especially O₂^?, and corrosive oxidation and crack/pulverization of Li metal anode lead to poor cycling stability of the Li‐air battery. Even worse, the water and/or CO₂ in air bring parasitic reactions and safety issues. Therefore, applying such systems in open‐air environment is challenging. Herein, contrary to previous assertions, we have found that CO₂ can improve the stability of both anode and electrolyte, and a high‐performance rechargeable Li–O₂/CO₂ battery is developed. The CO₂ not only facilitates the in situ formation of a passivated protective Li₂CO₃ film on the Li anode, but also restrains side reactions involving electrolyte and cathode by capturing O₂^?. Moreover, the Pd/CNT catalyst in the cathode can extend the battery lifespan by effectively tuning the product morphology and catalyzing the decomposition of Li₂CO₃. The Li–O₂/CO₂ battery achieves a full discharge capacity of 6628 mAh g^?1 and a long life of 715 cycles, which is even better than those of pure Li–O₂ batteries.     

Solvation Rule for Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase Enabler in Lithium‐Metal Batteries

Despite the exceptionally high energy density of lithium metal anodes, the practical application of lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs) is still impeded by the instability of the interphase between the lithium metal and the electrolyte. To formulate a functional electrolyte system that can stabilize the lithium‐metal anode, the solvation behavior of the solvent molecules must be understood because the electrochemical properties of a solvent can be heavily influenced by its solvation status. We unambiguously demonstrated the solvation rule for the solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI) enabler in an electrolyte system. In this study, fluoroethylene carbonate was used as the SEI enabler due to its ability to form a robust SEI on the lithium metal surface, allowing relatively stable LMB cycling. The results revealed that the solvation number of fluoroethylene carbonate must be ≥1 to ensure the formation of a stable SEI in which the sacrificial reduction of the SEI enabler subsequently leads to the stable cycling of LMBs.     

微机械陀螺仪反馈控制器鲁棒性分析及闭环接口检测电路设计

在分析微机械陀螺仪静电力反馈检测结构的基础上,提出了一种对现有Sigma-Delta静电力反馈检测方式的改进设计.对微机械陀螺仪闭环检测系统进行了离散化处理.基于Lyapunov稳定性原理,构造了一类能够使系统有限时间稳定的输出反馈控制器,并对其鲁棒性能进行了分析.该电路系统在Cadence平台下使用AMS 0.35 ...     

热连轧活套系统的分散控制

分析热连轧轧制速度增量对活套系统性能的影响,建立了活套关联系统模型,提高了活套系统模型精度.基于H∞原理,将活套高度与张力系统之间的耦合影响看作扰动,采用分散控制方式,为每台轧机活套系统单独设计控制器.仿真结果表明,基于活套关联系统模型,采用分散方式设计控制器,提高了活套系统的控制性能.     

Nd~(3+)的稳定能与晶场参数及磁交换作用的关系

基于单离子模型,通过对Nd3+磁晶各向异性哈密顿数值的求解,研究了温度趋于0 K时,Nd3+离子稳定能与晶场参数及磁交换作用的关系.结果表明,对于强磁物质(如NdCo5,Nd2Co17,Nd2Fe14B等),Nd3+贡献的稳定能与晶场参数B20近似成正比,而对磁交换作用的变化不敏感.     

温室气体稳定目标下部门减排责任分解方法

为了探讨气候变化背景下温室气体排放权分摊机制这一研究难点,综述了温室气体减排责任分解方法的研究现状,遵循"共同但有区别的责任"思想并利用WRE稳定性廓线和IEA/SMP交通模型,开发了SMP-WRE模型。应用该模型建立了一种产业部门具体减排责任的分解方法,并以中国轻型车部门为例,展示了该方法的实现过程。结果表明:全球轻型车的基准排放是目标排放的2~4倍,说明轻型车部门实现450×10-6和550×10-6的CO2稳定水平难度很大。目标分解后的地区排放变化率欧美国家较小、中国较大,原因是欧美汽车市场规模饱和,而中国汽车正爆发式增加,排放增加不可避免。     

一类时滞中立型切换系统的反馈镇定

分析了一类时滞中立型切换系统的反馈镇定问题,基于无记忆状态反馈控制器,由Lyapunov稳定性理论,以线性矩阵不等式的形式给出了系统渐稳的条件和切换律的设计方案.     

水泥基复合固化剂对镉和锌混合污染土的固化试验研究

为了研究水泥基复合固化剂对重金属混合污染土的固化稳定效果及其与单一重金属污染土的固化效果差别,探究锌和镉离子之间是否有协同或拮抗作用,采用水泥、石灰、粉煤灰和蒙脱石等作为复合固化剂,通过开展无侧限抗压强度试验、毒性浸出试验、X射线衍射分析（XRD）以及电镜扫描分析（SEM）,研究锌镉混合污染土在不同固化剂掺量下的强度特性与浸出毒性、pH值与浸出毒性间的关系、重金属混合污染土与单一重金属污染土的固化效果差异,并通过XRD和SEM分别对固化产物的成分和形貌进行微观分析,进而分析固化机理。试验结果表明：用生石灰、粉煤灰、海泡石、蒙脱土替代等量水泥可使固化产物的强度提高;Zn²⁺与Cd²⁺之间不存在拮抗作用,Cd²⁺的存在还会有助于Zn²⁺的固定;重金属离子的浸出浓度随浸出液pH值的增大而明显降低;固化效果好的样品相较于固化效果差的样品有更多的针状、网状等较为致密的结构。