自密实钢筋混凝土梁阻尼比的试验研究

对15根自密实钢筋混凝土简支梁进行了动态测试实验,实验结果表明:随着自密实混凝土强度的提高,其阻尼比降低;随着自密实混凝土梁的固有频率的增大,其阻尼比减小;随着自密实混凝土梁配筋率的提高,第一阶固有频率下的阻尼比降低;各自密实钢筋混凝土试验梁的阻尼比基本介于0.5%~1.0%之间.     

废车、减震沟及沙袋缓冲对塌落振动减振效果对比研究

针对城市爆破拆除工程中的塌落振动问题,结合落锤冲击数值模拟与塌落冲击试验研究了减震沟、废弃机动车及沙袋缓冲层等减振措施对塌落振动的减振效果。结果表明,落锤冲击数值模拟与塌落冲击试验动力响应规律较一致,减震沟、废车及沙袋缓冲等均能在一定程度上降低地面质点振动响应峰值;塌落冲击试验中所有振动分量频率均介于10～40 Hz之间,废车及沙袋缓冲对部分振动分量频率影响不明显;在减震沟、废车及沙袋缓冲等3种减振措施中,废车尤其微型面包车缓冲减振效果最好。     

DEPENDENCE OF DAMPING CHARACTERISTICS OF A BEAM WITH DAMPING RUBBER MAGNETIC POWDER ON RUBBER PROPERTY

A cantilever beam with Damping Material Applying Rubber Magnetic Powder （DRM） has been investigated. Two methods are selected to hold DRM to a vibrating steel beam, one is to attach DRM by the magnetic attractive force （called DRM beam） and the other by adhesive bonding （called AB-DRM beam）. Different from the damping property of AB-DRM beam caused by shear deformation of damping material, the damping property of DRM beam is characterized by the sliding frictional loss together with the internal loss of damping material. The authors established a formulation to predict the damping characteristics of DRM beam, which was validated experimentally. It is found that rubber material loss factor β has a decisive influence on damping improvement of DRM beam versus AB-DRM beam. If β is smaller than the critical value around 0.8255, a valid range of vibratory amplitude always exists in which DRM beam can achieve better damping than AB-DRM beam; conversely, if β is bigger than the critical value, the valid range does not exist when slide occurs. Such results are used to determine the merits and limitations of DRM and develop design guidelines.     

喷油器控制阀中流体阻尼间隙

建立了共轨燃油喷射系统喷油器控制阀的力学模型,在计算流体动力学和试验的基础上对控制阀阻尼间隙进行了研究.结果显示:在阀芯与阀体之间的阻尼间隙为0.02~0.03 mm时,最能满足控制阀阀芯关闭时反弹的最小要求.     

新型涡流磁阻尼月球着陆器

针对三支撑月球着陆器摩擦式阻尼材料存在的真空冷焊问题,对非接触式涡流磁阻尼在月球着陆器上的应用进行了分析和试验.应用电磁学基本理论对涡流磁阻尼的基本特性进行了分析,得出了阻尼特性基本方程.使用DASP数据采集与分析软件,对新型涡流磁阻尼月球着陆器原理模型的缓冲特性进行了试验测试.结果表明,新型涡流磁阻尼月球着陆器具有较好的缓冲效果.     

沟槽对建筑物减震作用的动光弹研究

本文用动光弹方法实验研究了沟槽对爆炸地震波的衰减作用和对建筑物的保护作用分析表明:在模型实验条件下,当槽深大于20mm时,地震波的大部分能量被槽挡住,地震波对槽后的建筑物影响甚小,当槽深小于15mm时,槽与建筑物之间应力场较强,临界深度在15～20mm左右,这一深度大约是爆生瑞利波波峰深度的3～4倍。槽宽度对地震波衰减作用不大。     

基于逐圈位置频谱的束流不稳定性

利用上海光源储存环中受激电子束团位置信号频谱数据,确定了束团在加速器中运行的工作点及品质因数,获得了储存环垂直方向阻抗和横向阻尼率,分析了不稳定性产生的原因。阐述了加速器中受激束团的运动特点,以RLC振荡电路为基础,对束团运动进行简单的建模,利用模型中频率响应函数对频谱中的脉冲波形进行拟合,得到了用于表示运动阻尼及频率分散程度的品质因数。实验结果表明：利用该方法拟合得到的数据与原数据的相关性可达98%以上,所拟合波形与原波形整体相似度高。对不同流强下的数据进行了研究,随着流强的逐渐增加,工作点和品质因数同步减小,不稳定性加剧,流强达到阈值后,频谱中单峰分裂为双峰,束流品质降低。     

NFR (Natural Frequency Region) approach for dynamic evaluation of anti-vibration systems with rebound resilience method

There is no universal method to perform dynamic analysis on solid rubber anti-vibration systems. In this article, an equivalent damping ratio is introduced to account for rubber hysteresis using a resilience experiment. A new concept, NFR (Natural Frequency Region), is defined for dynamic evaluation based on natural characteristics of a rubber anti-vibration system itself. Two typical industrial products were selected to verify the proposed NFR approach. The verification procedure involves three parts: natural frequencies, harmonic spectra and impact responses. The dynamic responses from both simulation and experiment have been compared and have not only demonstrated that the proposed approach is reliable but that it could also be used to guide the design of rubber anti-vibration systems in industry. The key points for applying this approach are also presented through the verification procedure.     

Immersed boundary method for unsteady kinetic model equations

Predicting unsteady flows and aerodynamic forces for large displacement motion of microstructures requires transient solution of Boltzmann equation with moving boundaries. For the inclusion of moving complex boundaries for these problems, three immersed boundary method flux formulations (interpolation, relaxation, and interrelaxation) are presented. These formulations are implemented in a 2‐D finite volume method solver for ellipsoidal‐statistical (ES)‐Bhatnagar‐Gross‐Krook (BGK) equations using unstructured meshes. For the verification, a transient analytical solution for free molecular 1‐D flow is derived, and results are compared with the immersed boundary (IB)‐ES‐BGK methods. In 2‐D, methods are verified with the conformal, non‐moving finite volume method, and it is shown that the interrelaxation flux formulation gives an error less than the interpolation and relaxation methods for a given mesh size. Furthermore, formulations applied to a thermally induced flow for a heated beam near a cold substrate show that interrelaxation formulation gives more accurate solution in terms of heat flux. As a 2‐D unsteady application, IB/ES‐BGK methods are used to determine flow properties and damping forces for impulsive motion of microbeam due to high inertial forces. IB/ES‐BGK methods are compared with Navier–Stokes solution at low Knudsen numbers, and it is shown that velocity slip in the transitional rarefied regime reduces the unsteady damping force. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

采用等效阻尼法分析带有摩擦阻尼振动筛的振动特性

振动筛在启动和停车过程中必须通过共振区,引起振幅的异常增大,经常采用摩擦阻尼器限制过大的振幅,并且取得了良好的减振效果。这种方法目前在工程上缺乏理论分析,本文推导了带有摩擦阻尼振动筛振幅的计算公式,着重研究了共振阶段性的振幅,理论计算值为18 mm,这个结果和实验结构吻合,为振动筛的设计提供了理论依据。