Magnetic bead-based approach to monitoring of cigarette smoke-induced DNA oxidation damage and screening of natural protective compounds

Cigarette smoking can damage DNA and induce spontaneous mutagenesis or carcinogenesis. Here, we describe a novel strategy for in situ monitoring of cigarette smoke-induced DNA oxidation damage and offer a method for screening natural compounds that protect DNA against tobacco smoke. The present protocol takes advantage of a fast and simple magnetic separation/mixing method and a highly sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) ELISA. The DNA immobilized on the magnetic beads was oxidized by the smoke in the absence or presence of natural compounds, and then oxidative DNA was conveniently held by magnetic force, whereas the complex tobacco smoke matrix and any remaining compounds were completely eliminated by extensive washing, and possible interferences were thus removed and oxidative damage was then sensitively monitored by CL ELISA. A library of 32 natural products was then screened and three were found to protect DNA from oxidative damage and thus may be promising compounds for the development of new drugs. Moreover, the protection effect of these three natural compounds against DNA oxidation damage was successfully classified by directly spiking them in the reference cigarettes. In addition, the potential to screen a mixture in a complex sample matrix, such as crude extracts, was also demonstrated, and hence the proposed technique can screen compounds within a complex matrix and enhance the screening throughput.     

Semiempirical evaluation of the global hardness of the atoms of 103 elements of the periodic table using the most probable radii as their size descriptors

Relying upon the fact that the density functional computation of the global hardness of the atoms of the elements are still at large and there is some mathematical in congruency between the theory and operational formula of finite difference approximation, we have suggested a radial‐dependent ansatz for evaluating global hardness of atoms as: η=a(7.2/r)+b (in eV), where, “a” and “b” are the constants and r is the absolute radius of atoms in angstrom unit. The ansatz is invoked to evaluate the global hardness of atoms of 103 element of the periodic table. The evaluated new set of global hardness is found to satisfy the sine qua non of a reasonable scale of hardness by exhibiting perfect periodicity of periods and groups and correlating the gross physicochemical properties of elements. The inertness of Hg and extreme reactivity Cs atoms are nicely correlated. The chemical reactivity and its variation in small steps in the series of lanthanide elements are also nicely reproduced. The results of the present semiempirical calculation also have strong correlation with the result of some sophisticated DFT calculation for a set of atoms. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2010     

Sensitively electrochemical detection of the DNA damage in situ by electro-Fenton reaction based on Fe@Fe2O3 core-shell nanonecklace and multi-walled carbon nanotube composite

An electrochemical biosensor for mimicking the metal-mediated DNA damage pathway in situ was presented. The Fenton reagents (H₂O₂ and iron ion) for the DNA damage were generated in situ with a constant rate from the sensing film. H₂O₂ and iron ion reacted further together to yield hydroxyl radical, which attacked DNA in the film. These courses of DNA damage were just like those happened in organism. The DNA damage was detected by monitoring the differential pulse voltammetric response of an electrochemical indicator, Co(phen)₃³⁺. Another electrochemical indicator, Ru(NH₃)₆³⁺, was also used for monitoring the DNA damage as a complementary means and the minimal detectable amount of DNA damage was 0.16 μg. The biosensor had good reproducibility. After this biosensor was used for 11 times, 90% of the first detection signal was obtained.     

基于I-ELM的飞机复合材料结构损伤识别研究

针对飞机复合材料结构损伤难以有效识别问题,本文提出一种基于增量型极限学习机(Incremental Extreme Learning Machine,I-ELM)的飞机复合材料结构损伤识别新方法。首先对某型机用复合材料层合板进行冲击,而后对其进行疲劳拉伸试验,通过优化布局在复合材料层合板上的光纤光栅传感器募集应变信息,并对其进行预处理。采用互补总体平均经验模态分解(Complementary Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition,CEEMD)方法对募集的应变信息进行自适应分解,得到多个本征模态分量(Intrinsic Mode Function,IMF),计算各阶IMF分量的样本熵,通过核熵成分分析(Kernel Entropy Component Analysis,KECA)方法对样本熵进行特征融合,构建融合特征向量,采用融合特征向量建立基于I-ELM损伤识别模型,通过实验对损伤识别模型的有效性进行了验证,并与所构建的BP的损伤识别模型的识别结果进行了比较。结果表明,该方法能有效对飞机复合材料结构损伤进行识别,具有很好的应用前景。     

双极晶体管中子辐照后的高温退火特性

利用硅双极晶体管在线监测中子注量,其直流增益和损伤常数是作为探测器指标的重要参数。高温退火可使受到中子辐照的双极晶体管性能部分恢复,进而可以重复使用。开展高温退火特性研究,分析双极晶体管直流增益的恢复程度以及损伤常数的重复性。在快中子脉冲堆上对贴片型3DG121C双极晶体管进行三轮中子辐照,每轮辐照累计注量2.64×10~(13)cm~(-2)。经过第一轮中子辐照后,双极晶体管直流增益下降至辐照前的40%,经过180℃连续24 h的高温退火后,直流增益恢复至辐照前的67%;经过第二轮辐照后,直流增益下降至第二轮辐照前的50%,在相同条件下退火后,直流增益恢复至第二轮辐照前的73%;经过第三轮辐照后,直流增益下降至第三轮辐照前的58%,在相同条件下退火后,其直流增益恢复至第三轮辐照前的87%。三轮实验结果表明:双极晶体管直流增益倒数随辐照中子注量变化的线性关系基本一致,具体表现为其损伤常数具有很好的重复性。利用该高温退火特性,将双极晶体管作为中子注量探测器应用于快中子脉冲堆中子注量在线监测,监测结果与活化箔结果基本吻合。     

致密砂岩气藏水锁伤害及对产能的影响

为了评价致密砂岩气藏水锁伤害对储层的影响程度,设计了适于测定致密砂岩水锁伤害的试验方法,开展了室内试验研究,并分析了水锁伤害对气藏产能的影响。研究表明:致密砂岩束缚水饱和度较高,平均为47.67%,水锁伤害率平均为76.49%,水锁伤害严重。渗透率越低的岩心,水锁伤害越严重。水锁伤害主要发生在含水上升的初期阶段,水锁伤害率随含水饱和度的增加而增加的幅度越来越小;水锁伤害对产能的影响较为显著。水锁发生后,气体产能下降幅度超过了60%;水锁伤害半径越大,对产能的影响也越大,影响程度达到17.78%。致密砂岩储层水锁伤害要以预防为主,因此,油气田现场要适时地采取措施防止水锁伤害的发生,并建立合理的气井生产制度。     

耐高温低伤害压裂液配方优化评价研究

东海低孔渗气田具有埋藏深、温度高、低孔低渗的特征,加之海上压裂施工工艺,要求东海气藏压裂液应具有耐高温、耐剪切、低伤害、高温延迟交联、破胶快及易返排等特性。因此,研究在对稠化剂、交联剂、温度稳定剂以及破胶剂等优选的基础上,通过实验优选出适合此区块的压裂液体系;并对其性能进行评价。研究结果表明,优化后的压裂液耐温耐性能好,适用于160℃的地层,剪切稳定性强,高温延迟交联剂的使用提高了交联性能,施工摩阻低;配伍性强,对储层伤害率低;破胶性能能够满足海上压裂施工的需要。该体系在海上160℃储层压裂施工中得到成功应用,保证了海上压裂施工的顺利进行。     

第一原理分子动力学研究类金刚石薄膜的结合强度与摩擦性能

金刚石(110)表面具有不同方向上抛光速率的强烈不对称的特征,用第一性原理全能量平面波赝势方法模拟研究了类金刚石薄膜表面的结合强度与摩擦性能,确定了相互作用模型以及排斥力作用范围,研究了范德华排斥力在摩擦表面上的分布,研究结果表明,摩擦表层感受到的力在〈001〉和〈110〉2个方向上表现明显不同,而且〈110〉方向上摩擦力一直高于〈001〉方向上的摩擦力.