THEORY OF DIELECTRIC ELASTOMERS

In response to a stimulus, a soft material deforms, and the deformation provides a function. We call such a material a soft active material （SAM）. This review focuses on one class of soft active materials： dielectric elastomers. When a membrane of a dielectric elastomer is subject to a voltage through its thickness, the membrane reduces thickness and expands area, possibly straining over 100%. The dielectric elastomers are being developed as transducers for broad applications, including soft robots, adaptive optics, Braille displays, and electric generators. This paper reviews the theory of dielectric elastomers, developed within continuum mechanics and thermodynamics, and motivated by molecular pictures and empirical observations. The theory couples large deformation and electric potential, and describes nonlinear and nonequilibrium behavior, such as electromechanical instability and viscoelasticity. The theory enables the finite element method to simulate transducers of realistic configurations, predicts the efficiency of electromechanical energy conversion, and suggests alternative routes to achieve giant voltage-induced deformation. It is hoped that the theory will aid in the creation of materials and devices.     

A ghost fluid Lattice Boltzmann method for complex geometries

A ghost fluid Lattice Boltzmann method (GF‐LBM) is developed in this study to represent complex boundaries in Lattice Boltzmann simulations of fluid flows. Velocity and density values at the ghost points are extrapolated from the fluid interior and domain boundary via obtaining image points along the boundary normal inside the fluid domain. A general bilinear interpolation algorithm is used to obtain values at image points which are then extrapolated to ghost nodes thus satisfying hydrodynamic boundary conditions. The method ensures no‐penetration and no‐slip conditions at the boundaries. Equilibrium distribution functions at the ghost points are computed using the extrapolated values of the hydrodynamic variables, while non‐equilibrium distribution functions are extrapolated from the interior nodes. The method developed is general, and is capable of prescribing Dirichlet as well as Neumann boundary conditions for pressure and velocity. Consistency and second‐order accuracy of the method are established by running three test problems including cylindrical Couette flow, flow between eccentric rotating cylinders and flow over a cylinder in a confined channel. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

选煤厂块煤入仓新工艺研究

通过分析目前国内选煤厂块煤定点入仓工艺中存在的主要问题,提出了全方位给煤的块煤入仓新工艺,并论述了块煤入仓新工艺的优点和发展前景。     

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS IN INCOMPRESSIBLE HYPERELASTIC CYLINDRICAL MEMBRANES

In this paper, the dynamic characteristics are examined for a cylindrical membrane composed of a transversely isotropic incompressible hyperelastic material under an applied uniform radial constant pressure at its inner surface. A second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation that approximately describes the radial oscillation of the inner surface of the membrane with respect to time is obtained. Some interesting conclusions are proposed for different materials, such as the neo-Hookean material, the Mooney-Rivlin material and the Rivlin-Saunders material. Firstly, the bifurcation conditions depending on the material parameters and the pressure loads are determined. Secondly, the conditions of periodic motion are presented in detail for membranes composed of different materials. Meanwhile, numerical simulations are also provided.     

Cylindrical polymer brushes

In recent years, research on cylindrical polymer brushes (or molecular bottlebrushes) has received significant attention. In this article, we discuss various strategies for their synthesis and the unique properties arising from their regular multibranched structure. Some recent advances in the application of cylindrical polymer brushes are highlighted. Amphiphilic core– shell cylindrical polymer brushes, for example, have been successfully used as single molecular templates for inorganic nanoparticle formation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 3461–3481, 2005     

用电算器或袖珍机上程序判别圆柱状褶皱和圆锥状褶皱

根据求最佳拟合圆锥的公式,用CASIO fx-4000P电算器或PC-1500袖珍机上程序,算出圆锥轴的产状及圆锥半顶角的大小,就能判别圆柱状褶皱和圆锥状褶皱。     

有限长圆柱壳受径向冲击塑性动力屈曲分析

讨论两端固定的圆柱薄壳在均布外部冲击下的塑性动力屈曲，依据实验现象对位移场作出假定，用扰动法导得屈曲扰动控制方程组，降价后用标准的龙格库塔法进行数值求解，其中物理关系采用Ｌｅｖｙ－Ｍｉｓｅｓ流动理论，材料为刚线性强化模型，将计算结果同Ｆｌｏｒｅｎｃｅ等的Ｂｅｓｓｅｌ函数解作了比较，并对边界对屈曲的影响进行了讨论。     

加肋圆柱壳稳定性计算方法若干问题探讨

对静水压力下环加肋圆柱壳弹性失稳临界载荷现有计算方法进行了比较和计论。采用各种方法，对Ｔ形截面和槽形截面环助圆柱壳总体失稳临界压力进行了计算，结果表明，现有解析公式都未能综合考虑加肋壳体失稳临界压力的各个影响因素。为此，提出了改进的解析公式和半解析数值方法。     

双模数复合材料角铺设层板在柱形弯曲中的振动

本文提出了分析角铺设层板的有限层法。应用Jones模型和有限层法研究了双模数复合材料角铺设层板在柱形弯曲中的振动,着重分析了拉弯耦合影响。     

带孔圆柱面的离散方法

本文利用几何变换使圆柱面的离散工作在平面上进行。并应用二次投影变换以减少计算三角形单元节点坐标的时间。所用方法具有直观性与精确性,并能容易地发现计算中的错误。