新型螺栓球柱节点静力承载性能试验研究

在传统网架螺栓球节点的基础上,研发了一种可用于无檩网架的新型节点——螺栓球柱节点.进行了13个螺栓球柱节点的承载力试验.试验结果表明,螺栓球柱节点主要有圆柱筒壁压扁破坏、圆柱筒壁冲切破坏、螺栓拔出破坏、焊缝拉裂破坏等4种破坏模式;在压力和拉力荷载作用下,圆柱筒壁主要承受环向应力;设置加劲肋可以较大幅度地提高节点承载力和增强节点刚度.     

水平旋转圆筒表面局部对流换热特性实验

以旋转圆筒型热工设备为研究对象,设计了大直径水平旋转圆筒实验装置.利用微型热电偶,测量了高格拉晓夫数(1×108)下圆筒表面各个方位角处空气热边界层的温度分布.实验结果表明:旋转对圆筒表面0°和180°处的局部对流传热系数的影响有明显差异;旋转使得圆筒表面温度和局部对流传热系数的分布不均匀,尤其当旋转雷诺数大于临界雷诺数时的影响尤为突出.确定了临界雷诺数的准则数关联式.     

旋转圆柱层流绕流出现二次不稳定现象的数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法,计算了旋转圆柱在层流状态下流场随雷诺数和转速的变化.针对旋转圆柱在均匀流中引起的涡脱落以及二次不稳定现象,进行了分析.选取雷诺数为Re=60,80,100,130,160,240时,将圆柱的转速一直增大,直到流场第二次达到稳定状态.比较了圆柱的旋转在流场达到第一次及第二次不稳定状态时对其表面的气动力、涡量以及周围流场影响的不同.计算结果表明,低转速下,流场出现初次不稳定状态时,雷诺数为Re=60,80,100,130,160,240,所对应的临界转速比分别为α=1.40,1.70,1.80,1.85,1.90,1.95;随着转速的升高,流场再次出现不稳定状态,所对应的转速比区间分别为5.1< α < 5.6,4.9< α < 5.4,4.6< α < 5.2,4.4< α < 5.0,4.3< α < 4.9,4.2< α < 4.7.      

集装箱班轮晚班到港规律及其应用研究

调查大连港集装箱码头连续3年10 280个航班的到港时间记录,分析集装箱班轮实际到港时间与船期的偏差规律,证明集装箱班轮晚班到港概率服从伽马分布,并提出利用该特性优化泊位计划的思路和方法.以大连港为案例,对泊位计划进行优化,结果可使泊位前后航班时间间隔损失平均减少5.58 h,航班靠泊发生冲突概率平均减少9.47%.实例证明了该方法的有效性和实用性.     

Traveling disturbance appearing in boundary layer transition in a Yawed cylinder

Boundary layers that develop over a body in fluid flow are in most cases three-dimensional owing to the spin, yaw, or surface curvature of the body. Therefore, the study of three-dimensional (3D) boundary-layer transition is essential to work in practical aerodynamics. The present investigation is concerned with the problem of 3D boundary layers over a yawed body. A yawed cylinder model that represents the leading edge portion of a swept wing and the mechanism of crossflow instability are investigated in detail using hot-wire velocimetry and a flow visualization technique. As a result, traveling disturbances having frequencies f₁ and f₂, which differ by about one order of magnitude, are detected in the transition region. The phase velocities and directions of travel of those disturbances are measured. Results for the low-frequency disturbance f₁ show qualitative coincidence with results numerically predicted for a crossflow unsteady disturbance. Nameley, F₁ travels nearly spanwise to the yawed cylinder and very close to the cylinder wall. The results for the high-frequency disturbance f₂ good agreement with the existing experimental results. The ₂ disturbance is found to be the high-frequency inflectional secondary instability that appears in 3D boundary layer transition in general. A two-stage transition process, where stationary crossflow vortices appear as the primary instability and a traveling inflectional disturbance is generated as a secondary instability, was observed. Secondary instability seems to play a major role in turbulent transition.     

Dissipative Heating of a Viscoelastic Cylinder under a Load Steadily Moving over Its Surface

The Fourier method is used to find the analytical solutions to two-dimensional quasistatic problems of stationary polyharmonic vibrations and dissipative heating of a linearly viscoelastic cylinder. The influence of the cylinder thickness and the width of the loading area on the thermomechanical state of the cylinder is studied based on numerical data__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 23–32, February 2005.     

气缸套表面微织构填充的摩擦学性能实验研究

为了探究气缸套表面微级织结构(简称微织构)填充的摩擦学性能,在其试样表面进行微织构并分别填充蛇纹石和二硫化钼微纳米粉。在高载和低载条件下,通过往复式摩擦磨损试验机进行实验,利用SEM、EDX观察试样表面形貌和元素成分,探索表面微织构填充气缸套试样的摩擦行为和磨损机理。结果表明:微织构填充气缸套试样的摩擦学性能在高载荷和低载荷条件下都好于单微织构及机械珩磨的气缸套试样,其减摩耐磨性能是微织构和填充物质协同作用的结果;并且较大尺寸的微坑内径对摩擦系数的影响效果更明显;二硫化钼对摩擦系数的改善效果好于蛇纹石。     

涡扇发动机旋转声模态发生与测试试验研究

开展了涡扇发动机旋转声模态发生与测试技术研究。首先,通过对涡扇发动机旋转声模态发生与测试技术的原理分析,得出声模态发生与测试试验装置设计方法;结构设计与电气系统设计相结合,完成了试验装置的搭建;最后经过以某高阶声模态为例进行试验验证工作,证明了声模态发生与测试技术的正确性和试验装置设计的合理性。开展的声模态发生与测试技术研究对消声短舱声衬的声学效果验证试验意义重大,填补了中国该工程领域的空白,具有较好的工程应用价值。     

油缸顶升位移不同步对整体钢平台性能的影响

液压同步顶升系统对整体钢平台爬升工作状态下的安全性和稳定性至关重要。通过建立爬升工作状态下整体钢平台的有限元分析模型,对液压油缸顶升位移不同步给整个钢平台模架结构体系带来的影响进行了计算分析。针对两种不同荷载工况下,整体钢平台模架体系的两种代表性单筒发生油缸顶升位移不同步的情况,分别建立多个算例,得到整体钢平台的最大竖向及水平变形、最大应力和各位置油缸顶升力。结果表明:随着不同步顶升位移差值的增大,整体钢平台的最大竖向变形、水平变形和最大应力变化不大,目标油缸顶升力随不同步位移差值的增大呈明显的线性变化,其相邻油缸顶升力则线性减小。研究建议:在整体钢平台爬升工作状态下,严格监控危险位置的油缸顶升位移,保证任意两油缸的顶升位移差值不超过文中建议的阈值。     

Improvements on open and traction boundary conditions for Navier–Stokes time-splitting methods

We present in this paper a numerical scheme for incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with open and traction boundary conditions, in the framework of pressure-correction methods. A new way to enforce this type of boundary condition is proposed and provides higher pressure and velocity convergence rates in space and time than found in the present state of the art. We illustrate this result by computing some numerical and physical tests. In particular, we establish reference solutions of a laminar flow in a geometry where a bifurcation takes place and of the unsteady flow around a square cylinder.