A generalized anisotropic hardening rule based on the Mroz multi-yield-surface model for pressure insensitive and sensitive materials

In this paper, a generalized anisotropic hardening rule based on the Mroz multi-yield-surface model for pressure insensitive and sensitive materials is derived. The evolution equation for the active yield surface with reference to the memory yield surface is obtained by considering the continuous expansion of the active yield surface during the unloading/reloading process. The incremental constitutive relation based on the associated flow rule is then derived for a general yield function for pressure insensitive and sensitive materials. Detailed incremental constitutive relations for materials based on the Mises yield function, the Hill quadratic anisotropic yield function and the Drucker–Prager yield function are derived as the special cases. The closed-form solutions for one-dimensional stress–plastic strain curves are also derived and plotted for materials under cyclic loading conditions based on the three yield functions. In addition, the closed-form solutions for one-dimensional stress–plastic strain curves for materials based on the isotropic Cazacu–Barlat yield function under cyclic loading conditions are summarized and presented. For materials based on the Mises and the Hill anisotropic yield functions, the stress–plastic strain curves show closed hysteresis loops under uniaxial cyclic loading conditions and the Masing hypothesis is applicable. For materials based on the Drucker–Prager and Cazacu–Barlat yield functions, the stress–plastic strain curves do not close and show the ratcheting effect under uniaxial cyclic loading conditions. The ratcheting effect is due to different strain ranges for a given stress range for the unloading and reloading processes. With these closed-form solutions, the important effects of the yield surface geometry on the cyclic plastic behavior due to the pressure-sensitive yielding or the unsymmetric behavior in tension and compression can be shown unambiguously. The closed form solutions for the Drucker–Prager and Cazacu–Barlat yield functions with the associated flow rule also suggest that a more general anisotropic hardening theory needs to be developed to address the ratcheting effects for a given stress range.     

纵横载荷作用下功能梯度梁的弯曲和过屈曲

基于一阶非线性梁理论和物理中面概念,导出了纵横向载荷作用下功能梯度材料(FGM)梁非线性弯曲和过屈曲问题的控制方程,并获得了该问题的精确解;据此解研究了梯度材料性质、外载荷、横向剪切变形以及边界条件等因素对功能梯度材料梁非线性力学行为的影响,分析中假设功能梯度材料性质只沿梁厚度方向,并按成分含量的幂指数函数形式变化。结果表明:纵横载荷共同作用下,功能梯度梁的弯曲构形将有无限多个;随着梯度指数的增大,梁的变形减小,临界载荷升高;随着长高比的增大,横向剪切变形的影响减小。     

大型舰船在水下接触爆炸下的毁伤与防护研究综述

大型舰船受到水中兵器的巨大威胁,尤其是在水下接触爆炸情况下,船体结构将产生严重的局部毁伤,给舰船的战斗力乃至生命力带来严峻挑战。本文以大型舰船水下防护结构为研究对象,简要概述了各国海军大型舰船水下防护结构形式的发展历程,分析了水下接触爆炸下的毁伤载荷以及对舷侧多舱防护结构的毁伤机理,总结了基于具体结构和不同毁伤元的防护措施;并针对目前的研究现状,提出了有待进一步研究的问题。以期为舰船的水下防护设计提供参考,从而提高我国大型舰船的结构抗毁伤能力

     

Flume testing of passively adaptive composite tidal turbine blades under combined wave and current loading

The tidal energy industry is progressing rapidly, but there are still barriers to overcome to realise the commercial potential of this sector. Large magnitude and highly variable loads caused by waves acting on the turbine are of particular concern. Composite blades with in-built bend-twist elastic response may reduce these peak loads, by passively feathering with increasing thrust. This could decrease capital costs by lowering the design loads, and improve robustness through the mitigation of pitch mechanisms. In this study, the previous research is extended to examine the performance of bend-twist blades in combined wave–current flow, which will frequently be encountered in the field. A scaled 3 bladed turbine was tested in the flume at IFREMER with bend-twist composite blades and equivalent rigid blades, sequentially under current and co-directional wave–current cases. In agreement with previous research, when the turbine was operating in current alone at higher tip speed ratios the bend-twist blades reduced the mean thrust and power compared to the rigid blades. Under the specific wave–current condition tested the average loads were similar on both blade sets. Nevertheless, the bend-twist blades substantially reduced the magnitudes of the average thrust and torque fluctuations per wave cycle, by up to 10% and 14% respectively.     

THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF A MAGNETOELECTROELASTIC HALF-SPACE UNDER AXISYMMETRIC TEMPERATURE LOADING 1)

考虑力-电-磁-热等多场耦合作用, 基于线性理论给出了磁-电-弹性半空间在表面轴对称温度载荷作用下的热-磁-电-弹性分析, 并得到了问题的解析解. 利用Hankel 积分变换法求解了磁-电-弹性材料中的热传导及控制方程, 讨论了在磁-电-弹性半空间在边界表面上作用局部热载荷时的混合边值问题, 利用积分变换和积分方程技术, 通过在边界表面上施加应力自由及磁-电开路条件, 推导得到了磁-电-弹性半空间中位移、电势及磁势的积分形式的表达式. 获得了磁-电-弹性半空间中温度场的解析表达式并且给出了应力, 电位移和磁通量的解析解. 数值计算结果表明温度载荷对磁-电-弹性场的分布有显著影响. 当温度载荷作用的圆域半径增大时, 最大正应力发生的位置会远离半无限大体的边界; 反之当温度载荷作用的圆域半径减小时, 最大应力发生的位置会靠近半无限大体的边界. 电场和磁场在温度载荷作用的圆域内在边界表面附近有明显的强化, 而磁-电-弹性场强化区域的强化程度跟温度载荷的大小和作用区域大小相关. 本研究的相关结果对智能材料和结构在热载荷作用下的设计和制造具有指导意义.     

镀银导电纤维的制备和性能

对短切聚酯纤维进行化学镀银,制备了用于导电高分子材料的导电填料,探讨了氨水浓度、装载量及稳定剂对纤维化学镀银的影响。实验表明,φ=0.10的氨水有利于化学镀银;通过调整装载量,可提高纤维的增重量率和硝酸银的利用率;稳定剂的加入可阻止镀液自分解,但对包覆层的均匀性和致密性有影响。电性能测试表明,镀银纤维的体积电阻率可达3.35×1-0 3Ω.cm,以其作为导电橡胶填料,当含量为w=0.40时,其电阻率为1.54×1-0 1Ω.cm。     

长方体充气膜结构设计简化计算方法研究

文章以非线性有限元知识为基础,对非线性有限元迭代方法简化,对不同荷载工况下结构的膜面应力和顶点最大位移等基本结构变化特性进行分析,得出模型的荷载-变形关系;并与ANSYS分析软件的分析结果进行比较,二者结果较为接近,证明了该文充气膜结构的简化有限元迭代方法正确性与可靠性。     

F2+uF2上长度为2n(n为奇数)的循环码个数

通过定义(F2 uF2)2n上离散傅立叶变换,证明了环F2 uF2上长度为2n(n为奇数)的循环码同构于环R4(ω,mi)上的理想直和,并由R4(ω,mi)上的理想结构的研究,给出环F2 uF2上长度为2n的循环码个数的计算公式,其中,I为模n分圆陪集代表元的集合。     

土体加、卸载土工参数的区别

围绕卸荷问题研究了卸载土体抗剪强度、静止土压力系数及回弹模量等的变化规律,并就土体加、卸载状态的区别进行了分析,意在强调加、卸载土工参数的选取应有所不同.     

动态载荷的频域识别方法

将动态载荷识别的频域方法归结为统一的形式 ,不论是随机激励还是确定性载荷 ,均可利用实测的系统响应及响应与激励间的广义传递矩阵进行动载荷的识别 .通过对识别过程中精度影响因素的分析 ,提出利用计算机模拟方法选择响应测点以提高识别精度的方法 ,有利于工程应用 .