河南野生常绿阔叶木本观赏植物与园林应用研究

查清河南野生常绿阔叶木本植物资源计34科、58属、145种,筛选出黑壳楠(Lindera megaphylla Hemsl.)、红豆树(Ormosia hosiei Hemsl.et Wils.)、红果树(Stranvaesia davidiana Dcne.)等具有较高观赏价值和市场应用前景的计23科、35属、95种;对它们的资源、观赏特性、园林应用方式进行了综合评价;同时对它们的保护、开发提出了建议.     

云南曲靖下泥盆统桂家屯组一种新的工蕨类植物及栖生的微螺虫

记述发现于云南曲靖锅盖山剖面桂家屯组的一种早期维管植物。该植物茎轴裸露,根状茎以连续多次K型或H型分枝形成复杂的分枝系统,直立轴呈简单的二歧式分枝,孢子囊侧视呈匙形至卵形,螺旋状着生于穗轴上。该植物体型较小,保存较完整的根状茎,但孢子囊穗的保存状况较差,孢子囊结构不够清晰,无明显可见的孢子囊开裂线,因此将其暂定为cf. Zosterophyllum sp.。尽管如此,该植物展现的性状特征不同于典型的Zosterophyllum及其他相关属种,丰富了人们对早期维管植物形态变异及桂家屯组植物组合的认识。在cf.Zosterophyllumsp.的直立轴表面栖生大量微螺虫(microconchids)标本,直径为0.7～2.2 mm。微螺虫是一种已灭绝的水生无脊椎动物,发现于晚奥陶世到中侏罗世末期地层中,其壳体为螺旋状的钙质管,习惯固着在包括植物在内的各种硬质基体上。微螺虫在cf.Zosterophyllumsp.的直立轴栖生,表明该植物在生长期间曾被水体淹没,之后微螺虫伴随植物茎干被搬运和埋藏。     

An economic model for investing in sulfur oxide control technology development

The model estimates, subject to restrictions, the functional relationship between national sulfur dioxide discharges and investment in control technology development. Estimates may be made for different product demands, allowed cost increases, and clean fuel availabilities. Control technology development may be accelerated by increased investment. Both optimal and sub-optimal solutions are calculated for an example problem. A general computing method is provided.The model was presented at the Industrial Process Design for Pollution Control Workshop, Chicago, Illinois, Oct. 1973; copyright released by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers for publication for the first time in the monographNormative Analysis in Policy Decisions: Public and Private.     

Assessing the subsequent effect of nitrogen released from tobacco-waste on maize crop using a 15N isotope technique

The investigation of the residual effect of nitrogen (N) released from tobacco-waste (TW) using isotope techniques will provide valuable data for sustainable organic farming. For this aim, a pot experiment was conducted using the ¹⁵N isotope technique. The experiment was based on a completely randomised design with four replications and was conducted on a calcareous ustochrepts soil. TW at levels of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t ha^?1 and N fertiliser as (NH₄)₂SO₄ at levels of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg N ha^?1 were used for the Bezostaja-1 wheat variety. Concerning mineral N fertilisation with 20 and 80 kg N ha^?1, additional treatments with ¹⁵N-labelled (NH₄)₂SO₂ (10 at.% exc.) have been applied. Following harvesting wheat plants, the Pioneer 3377 maize variety was used to see the residual effect of TW. After harvesting, dry matter yields were recorded and total N concentrations were determined. ¹⁵N determinations and calculations were also made for ¹⁵N treatments separately. TW had a significant residual effect on the growth of corn plant under the pot condition. Increasing rates of TW significantly increased the dry matter yield of corn plant following wheat from 3.31 t ha^?1 (at control) to 7.89 t ha^?1 (at the TW treatment of 40 t ha^?1). The ¹⁵N values derived from the ¹⁵N fertiliser decreased with increasing TW application. The average values of N derived from N fertiliser (Ndff) varied from 2.14 to 3.09% at the rates of 20 and 80 kg N ha^?1, respectively. However, N derived from TW (Ndftw) significantly increased from 16.93 to 24.59% (at 20 kg N ha^?1), and it also increased from 23.06 to 28.15% (at 80 kg N ha^?1) with increasing TW applications from 20 to 40 t ha^?1, respectively.     

基于限制因素分区的耕地质量保育与提升探讨——以湖北鹤峰县为例

以湖北省恩施州鹤峰县为研究区,以地类图斑为研究尺度,从立地条件等方面入手构建耕地质量等级评价指标体系.运用障碍度模型和局部自相关方法,揭示研究区耕地质量现状和空间分布特征,识别鹤峰县耕地质量提升主导限制因素,划分限制因素类型区,最后综合之前分析成果进行耕地质量提升分区,探讨不同分区下耕地质量的提升措施.结果表明：1) 鹤峰县整体耕地以中等级耕地为主,耕地质量空间分布呈现北部、西南部高和西北、东南低的格局;2) 存在主导限制因素为灌溉能力、有效磷2类的共7种“主导限制因素－次要限制因素”类型分区;3) 将现有耕地分为耕地核心保护区、适度改良区和重点整治区3个一级类和8个二级类,针对各分区特点重点实施蓄水保土和养分提升等措施.研究成果可为鹤峰县乃至鄂西南山区耕地质量提升和耕地保护整治提供方法借鉴.     

Phytotherapy in Integrative Oncology—An Update of Promising Treatment Options

Modern phytotherapy is part of today’s conventional evidence-based medicine and the use of phytopharmaceuticals in integrative oncology is becoming increasingly popular. Approximately 40% of users of such phytopharmaceuticals are tumour patients. The present review provides an overview of the most important plants and nature-based compounds used in integrative oncology and illustrates their pharmacological potential in preclinical and clinical settings. A selection of promising anti-tumour plants and ingredients was made on the basis of scientific evidence and therapeutic practical relevance and included Boswellia, gingko, ginseng, ginger, and curcumin. In addition to these nominees, there is a large number of other interesting plants and plant ingredients that can be considered for the treatment of cancer diseases or for the treatment of tumour or tumour therapy-associated symptoms. Side effects and interactions are included in the discussion. However, with the regular and intended use of phytopharmaceuticals, the occurrence of adverse side effects is rather rare. Overall, the use of defined phytopharmaceuticals is recommended in the context of a rational integrative oncology approach.     

西安地区外来入侵植物初探

经过野外调查和对大量文献的整理分析,初步确定西安地区的外来入侵植物约有47种,隶属19科,其中有害检疫杂草1种。对这些外来入侵植物的入侵途径、外来物种入侵的形成机制及其对生态系统的影响进行了评述,进而提出了外来物种入侵的防治策略。     

我国北宋时期占城稻的推广与发展

占城稻原产于古占城国(今越南中南部)。关于北宋时期占城稻引种时间、推广与发展的成果和意义，因史料不详，众说纷纭。结合当时自然、社会条件，通过分析资料，认为在北宋时期，因人口增加，粮食短缺，政府大力倡导、认真组织，民间积极响应的社会条件下，利用占城稻的耐旱特性，扩大粮食种植面积，达到了增加粮食产量的目的，并为以后江南地区稻麦两熟制的发展莫定了基础。     

Gas Chromatographic Method for Routine Determination of Oleanolic and Ursolic Acids in Medicinal Plants

Summary A rapid and simple gas chromatographic method has been established for routine analysis of free oleanolic and ursolic acids in dried samples of medicinal herbs. Soxhlet extraction of triterpenes was followed by solid-phase extraction (SPE). Amounts of the compounds were measured by gas chromatography after silylation of the purified samples. Experiments were performed to establish the optimum conditions (e.g. solvent, and mode and duration of extraction) for calibration curve linearity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and recovery. The conditions used for derivatization and gas chromatographic analysis resulted in an improvement on literature data. The method devised enables accurate routine measurement of many samples in quite a short time (e.g. for chemotaxonomical screening, or quality control of herbal drugs). The practical application of the method was illustrated on five Lamiaceae species.     

Surgénérateurs ; l'état des matériaux aux hautes irradiations, hautes puissances locales et températures, leurs gradients et propriétés mécaniques adaptées aux contraintes qui en résultent

The motivations to realize nuclear breeder reactors are developed in the present context of a strong growth in electronuclear power stations in many countries, using mostly moderated and water cooled reactors.The past studies can be of a substantial profit in France and, to a lesser degree, in other countries of the EU. However, to use fully the 238 uranium isotope, the materials for these breeders must withstand much harder radiation than those for water reactors. The power densities and thermal gradients will also be much more intense. The mechanical stresses, both static and dynamic, will be large and will act on materials with altered mechanical properties. Fuel elements will have to be produced with materials already irradiated several times and therefore showing such alterations.A field of studies concerning materials and their mechanical behavior in new and severe conditions is sketched here, both in construction and working conditions, together with proposed necessary instrumentation and research orientations.