东北地区秋色叶树木在园林中的应用价值研究

对东北地区野生秋色叶树种资源进行了调查,分析了多种彩色叶树木的生物、生态学特性及园林美学价值,探讨了它们在园林造景中的应用,筛选出适于东北城市秋季观赏的绿化树种,为东北城市的园林绿化了提供依据.     

贵州中药资源种类、地理分布及开发利用现状

介绍了贵州珍稀名贵药材、特有种药用植物、栽培药材、大宗药材及其它经济价值药材的地理分布范围、开发利用现状、存在的问题及建议,为贵州中药种质资源的收集、保护、开发利用等提供了科学依据。     

Screening of medicinal plants traditionally used in Peruvian Amazon for in vitro antioxidant and anticancer potential

Plants mentioned in this study have numerous records in traditional Peruvian medicine being used in treatment of cancer and other diseases likely to be associated with oxidative stress. Amongst the eight plant species tested, only Dysphania ambrosioides exhibited combinatory antioxidant and anti-proliferative effect on a broad spectrum of cancer cells (DPPH and ORAC values = 80.6 and 687.3 μg TE/mg extract, respectively; IC₅₀ against Caco-2, HT-29 and Hep-G2 = 129.2, 69.9 and 130.6, respectively). Alkaloids and phenolic compounds might significantly contribute to anticancer/antioxidant activity of this plant. The results justify the traditional medicinal use of this plant. Our findings further suggest that D. ambrosioides might serve as a prospective material for further development of novel plant-based antioxidant and/or anti-proliferative agents. Detailed analysis of chemical composition together with toxicology assessments and in vivo antioxidant/anti-proliferative activity of this plant should be carried out in order to verify its potential practical use.     

基于诱导行车视线与防眩功能的高速公路中央分车带植物种植间距研究

【目的】研究既满足行车视线诱导又满足防眩要求的中央分车带植物合理种植间距,以进一步提高高速公路行车安全。【方法】通过驾驶员视觉特性分析,根据《公路工程技术标准》(JTG B01—2014),构建基于诱导行车视线的直线路段和曲线路段植物种植间距模型,计算不同速度下植物诱导视线的种植间距;以几何关系及《高速公路交通安全设施设计规范》(DB 33/T 704—2013)构建公式,计算出基于防眩功能的植物间距,并与诱导视线的植物间距进行对比,得出高速公路中央分车带植物合理种植间距。【结果】基于植物诱导行车视线的直线路段,车速分别为60、80、100、120 km/h 时,使驾驶员形成连续景观感受的植物种植间距分别为3.33、4.44、5.56、6.67 m;曲线路段车速分别为60、80、100、110 km/h 时,中央分车带植物最佳视线诱导种植间距分别为3.33、4.44、5.56、6.11 m。基于防眩要求的直线路段植物种植间距为2.45~17.14 m,曲线路段为2.29~16.00 m。【结论】高速公路直线路段车速分别为60、80、100、120 km/h 时,既满足行车视线诱导又满足防眩要求的中央分车带植物合理的种植间距分别为2.45~3.33、2.45~4.44、2.45~5.56、2.45~6.67 m;高速公路曲线路段车速分别为60、80、100、110 km/h 时,中央分车带植物合理种植间距分别为2.29~3.33、2.29~4.44、2.29~5.56、2.29~6.11 m。     

不同密度人工水草对氮、磷去除效果研究

污水处理厂出水作为城市公园景观用水,已成为我国北方缺水城市的通遍做法。由于污水处理厂出水中氮、磷含量相对较高,景观水体极易发生富营养化。本实验利用碳纤维人工水草作为生态基形成生物膜,对景观水体进行脱氮除磷处理效果进行研究。试验共布设2株/m~2、4株/m~2、10株/m~2、16株/m~2、20株/m~2 5种水草密度,通过SPSS进行方差分析,结果显示不同密度人工水草对氮,磷去除效果存在差异,明4株/m~2、10株/m~2,20株/m~2对总氮、氨氮、溶解性磷酸盐具有显著去除效果,对总磷去除效果不明显。叶绿素a浓度与氮、磷去除率呈正相关,表明在流动水体中藻类优势群落的形成对微生物膜快速形成以及污染物的去除有重要影响。     

基于PSR框架的甘肃省环县耕地生态安全评价

以生态退化区甘肃环县为研究区,通过构建"压力-状态-响应"(PSR)模型,从自然、经济和社会3个方面选取20个评价指标,建立耕地生态安全评价指标体系,计算耕地生态安全指数并划分安全等级,对2005-2016年环县耕地生态安全变化状况进行定量分析.结果表明:①基于PSR模型的评价指标体系能够较好地反映耕地生态系统各个要素之间的关联,适用于区域耕地生态安全的综合评价.②2005-2016年期间,环县耕地生态安全水平逐渐提高,生态功能有所改善,耕地生态安全经历了"恶化-敏感-安全"的演变过程.③单项指标的变化表明环县2005-2016年间人口密度、人均耕地面积、土地垦殖率、单位面积耕地化肥施用量、年降水量以及工业废水排放达标率变化明显,是影响区域耕地生态安全状况的关键因素.今后在加强对耕地数量保护的同时,应采取休耕等耕地休养方式加强耕地质量和耕地生态建设与维护,致力于耕地生态系统的恢复和重建,促进区域耕地可持续利用.     

基于限制因素分区的耕地质量保育与提升探讨——以湖北鹤峰县为例

以湖北省恩施州鹤峰县为研究区，以地类图斑为研究尺度，从立地条件等方面入手构建耕地质量等级评价指标体系.运用障碍度模型和局部自相关方法，揭示研究区耕地质量现状和空间分布特征，识别鹤峰县耕地质量提升主导限制因素，划分限制因素类型区，最后综合之前分析成果进行耕地质量提升分区，探讨不同分区下耕地质量的提升措施.结果表明：1) 鹤峰县整体耕地以中等级耕地为主，耕地质量空间分布呈现北部、西南部高和西北、东南低的格局；2) 存在主导限制因素为灌溉能力、有效磷2类的共7种“主导限制因素－次要限制因素”类型分区；3) 将现有耕地分为耕地核心保护区、适度改良区和重点整治区3个一级类和8个二级类，针对各分区特点重点实施蓄水保土和养分提升等措施.研究成果可为鹤峰县乃至鄂西南山区耕地质量提升和耕地保护整治提供方法借鉴.     

The oak (Quercus brantii) acorn as a growth promotor for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): growth performance,body composition,liver enzymes activity and blood biochemical parameters

Abstract

Medicinal plants play an important role in aquaculture as feed additives. This study aimed to investigate effects of alcoholic extract of acorn on growth performance, body composition, digestive enzymes activity and blood biochemical parameters of rainbow trout (O. mykiss) as a commercially important fish. Five dietary treatments were supplemented: 100, 200, 400 and 600?mg.kg^?1 of the extract. Fishes were fed twice per day for 8?weeks, and results showed that acorn extract positively affected all investigated parameters in rainbow trout fishes. Digestive enzymes activity and growth performance were increased, while activity of liver enzymes and cortisol were lowed in comparison to control individuals. Body composition of treated animals was also enhanced. Comparison between treated groups together with integrative biomarker response (IBR) values indicated greatest effects in animals fed with 400 and 600?mg.kg^?1 of the extract. Positive effects of the acorn represent promising start point for further studies.     

Practical halving; the Nelumbo nucifera evidence on early eudicot evolution

We present a stepwise optimal genome halving algorithm designed for large eukaryote genomes with largely single-copy genes, taking advantage of a signature pattern of paralog distribution in ancient polyploids. This is applied to the genome of Nelumbo nucifera, the sacred lotus, which is the descendant of a duplicated basal eudicot genome. In concert with the reconstructed ancestor of the grape, we investigate early events in eudicot evolution and show that the chromosome number of the common ancestor of lotus and grape was likely between 5 and 7. We show that the duplication of the ancestor of lotus and the triplication of the ancestor of grape were not closely preceded by any additional such event before the divergence of their two lineages.     

Determination of some trace metals with a new synthesized polymer resin by FAAS in various tea and herbal plants samples

In this work, a new polymer resin with a functional groups capable of holding trace metals has been synthesized. The structure of polymer resin has been examined by BET-N₂ method analyzer, IR spectrometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and elemental microanalyser. The synthesized polymer resin was used for the simultaneous separation and preconcentration of the trace metals from various tea and herbal plants samples. After extraction process, flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was used to determine the trace metals. The analytical parameters and solid phase extraction (SPE) performance such as pH, sample volume, flow rates of sample, flow rates of eluent, concentration, volume and type of eluent and effect of interference ions, were investigated. The limits of detection (DL) of the SPE procedure for trace metals, were calculated to be (3s) in the range of 0.9?4.0 μg L^?1 (n = 21) and the factors of preconcentration (PF) were obtained at 200 for Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn, and at 50 for Cr, Mn and Pb ions and the relative standard deviation (RSD) at ≤ 2% (n = 11).