茶树特征性生化成分与绿盲蝽的互作影响

利用高效液相色谱技术和紫外分光光度法,检测3个茶树品种健康及受害新梢游离氨基酸、茶多酚、咖啡因、没食子酸及儿茶素组分(EGC、EC、C、ECG和EGCG),通过分析品种生化成分与绿盲蝽危害指数的相关系数及绿盲蝽取食后茶树生化成分的变化,探明茶树特征性生化成分与绿盲蝽的互作影响.结果表明:茶树特征性生化成分与绿盲蝽危害程度存在紧密联系,咖啡因和没食子酸含量与绿盲蝽危害指数呈显著负相关,游离氨基酸和EGC含量与绿盲蝽危害指数呈现一定正相关;绿盲蝽取食后,叶片生化成分含量出现显著变化,咖啡因含量上升,没食子酸含量下降.咖啡因是茶树抗绿盲蝽的关键生化成分,受害最轻的苔选0310中咖啡因含量最高的,且取食后增加幅度最大.     

条斑紫菜不同栽培品系的遗传多样性分析

【目的】确定通过杂交和突变选育出的条斑紫菜(Pyropia yezoensis)栽培品系的遗传多样性。【方法】采用简单重复序列区间(Inter simple sequence repeat,ISSR)、扩增片段长度多态性(Amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP)和随机扩增多态性DNA(Random amplified polymorphism DNA,RAPD)等3种分子标记对条斑紫菜不同栽培品系进行遗传多样性分析。【结果】3种分子标记的多态性比率分别为38.10%、38.95%和61.75%;所表现出来的不同栽培品系间遗传距离分别为0.1785,0.1029和0.2845;3种分子标记聚类结果并不完全一致,但可以看出Y-0602、Y-HA01和Y-H001总是聚类在一起,而Y-DL02倾向于单独聚为一支。【结论】通过诱变和杂交所选育的品系,在遗传角度上仍然属于条斑紫菜,但已形成不同栽培品系,具有一定的遗传多样性。     

Profiling of Piper betle Linn. cultivars by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometric technique

Piper betle Linn. is a traditional plant associated with the Asian and southeast Asian cultures. Its use is also recorded in folk medicines in these regions. Several of its medicinal properties have recently been proven. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of mainly terpenes and phenols in betel leaves. These constituents vary in the different cultivars of Piper betle. In this paper we have attempted to profile eight locally available betel cultivars using the recently developed mass spectral ionization technique of direct analysis in real time (DART). Principal component analysis has also been employed to analyze the DART MS data of these betel cultivars. The results show that the cultivars of Piper betle could be differentiated using DART MS data.     

几种烟草品种花粉形态的研究

本文采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜,对我国栽培的晒烟、烤烟、香料烟、白肋烟４个类型８个品种的花粉形态进行了比较研究,结果表明,不同品种之间花粉形态存在一定的差异,烟草品种的花粉形态研究不仅丰富了烟草孢粉学资料,而且也为鉴定不同烟草品种提供了花粉形态方面的实验证据。     

Evaluation of high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of phenolic compounds in pear horticultural cultivars

Summary An analytical evaluation of an HPLC method with diode array detection to separate and quantify polyphenolic compounds from pears has been made. The method was applied to the quantitative analysis of phenolics from five pear horticultural cultivars (“Agua”, “Blanquilla”, “Conference”, “Pasagrana” and “Decana”) in both peel and pulp matrices and evaluated for precision and accuracy. Precision was taken as the reproducibility in peak area of the polyphenols of interest as well as in the slope of calibration graphs. Values ranged 2–5%. Accuracy was evaluated by recovery of all polyphenolic compounds from both peel and pulp in all pears investigated. Accuracy values ranged 92–102%, and were independent of the polyphenolic structure, horticultural cultivar and matrix. Identification was by comparing retention times and UV spectra with those of standards when commercially available. When not available commercially, provisional identification was according to spectral characteristics as well as from isolation and hydrolysis data. Application of the method revealed differences between peel and pulp in all cases studied; the higher levels of phenolics were found in the peels. “Decana” and “Pasagrana” cultivars showed the highest phenolic content compounds whereas “Conference” showed the lowest.     

Identification of lipophilic components in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium cultivars by supercritical CO2 fluid extraction with ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–Q Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry

To systematically identify the lipophilic constituents of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium from different cultivars, supercritical CO₂ fluid extraction and ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–Q Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry were integrated for the component analysis of 18 batches of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium from 12 cultivars for the first time. A total of 57 components from the supercritical CO₂ fluid extracts were demonstrably or tentatively identified by the obtained parent peaks, fragment peaks, and retention times. In total, two flavonoids, six organic acids, nine coumarins, three aldehydes, seven esters, three terpenes, one limonoid, and five other compounds were detected for the first time; notably, coumarin components have not yet been reported in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. Furthermore, the extract constituents differed between cultivars. In particular, organic acids were more abundant in Citrus reticulata “Chachi” than in other cultivars, and pterostilbene was exclusively found in Citrus reticulata “Yichangju”. The results showed that a greater variety of compounds in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium could be extracted by supercritical CO₂ fluid extraction and detected by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–Q Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry. This study provides a more scientific basis for further analysis of the pharmacological activity and quality of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium components from different cultivars.     

Influence of Nitrogen Fertilizer on the Antioxidative Potential of Basil Varieties (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Total phenolic content (TPC) in extracts of basil depended on the cultivar and type of fertilization used in cultivation. TPC was determined spectrophotometrically with the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent. The antioxidant activity of extracts was analyzed by scavenging of DPPH and ABTS radicals, on the basis of metal chelating ability (MetChel) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The greatest TPC was determined in the purple cultivars—141.35 and 165.44 mg gallic acid/g d.m. for fertilized with ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) and ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄), respectively. Their extracts had the greatest antioxidant capacity in the majority of the methods used. The results varied depending on the modelling system used. The amount of polyphenols in individual basil cultivars differed significantly (p < 0.05) depending on the fertilization used in the culture. Regarding TPC, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and MetChel variables, we observed a significant effect for the applied cultivation. In the case of MetChel factor, lower results of all investigated basil species were observed for cultivation with ammonium sulfate. PCA demonstrated in the present study shows that Sweet and Cinnamon Basil samples cultivated with ammonium nitrate create a separated group. We recommend cultivation with ammonium sulfate fertilizers for these varieties of basil. The high content of phenolic compounds demonstrated in Sweet and Cinnamon Basil cultivated with ammonium sulfate, and thus associated antioxidant activity, indicates that it can constitute a valuable source for bioactive compounds in a balanced diet.     

Effect of Heavy Metal Stress on Phenolic Compounds Accumulation in Winter Wheat Plants

Heavy metal stress can lead to many adverse effects that inhibit cellular processes at various levels of metabolism, causing a decrease in plant productivity. In response to environmental stressors, phenolic compounds fulfill significant molecular and biochemical functions in plants. Increasing the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in plants subjected to heavy metal stress helps protect plants from oxidative stress. A pot experiment was carried out to determine the effect of the accumulation of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) salts at concentrations of 200, 500, and 1000 ppm on seed germination, the activity of enzymes in the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase pathway (PAL) and tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL), along with the total phenol and flavonoid contents in seedlings of hybrid Triticum aestivum L. (winter wheat) cultivars. The accumulation of heavy metals, especially Cu, had a negative impact on the seed germination process. The cultivar “Hyacinth” reacted most strongly to heavy metal stress, which was confirmed by obtaining the lowest values of the germination parameters. Heavy metal stress caused an increase in the activity of PAL and TAL enzymes and an increase in the accumulation of phenolic compounds. Under the influence of Cu, the highest activity was shown in cv. “Hyvento” (especially at 200 ppm) and, due to the accumulation of Pb, in cv. “Hyacinth” (1000 ppm) and cv. “Hyking” (200 ppm). The cultivar “Hyking” had the highest content of phenolic compounds, which did not increase with the application of higher concentrations of metals. In other cultivars, the highest content of total phenols and flavonoids was usually observed at the lowest concentration (200 ppm) of the tested heavy metals, Cu and Pb.