Analysis of electrical tree propagation in XLPE power cable insulation

Electrical treeing is one of the major breakdown mechanisms for solid dielectrics subjected to high electrical stress. In this paper, the characteristics of electrical tree growth in XLPE samples have been investigated. XLPE samples are obtained from a commercial XLPE power cable, in which electrical trees have been grown from pin to plane in the frequency range of 4000-10,000 Hz, voltage range of 4-10 kV, and the distances between electrodes of 1 and 2 mm. Images of trees and their growing processes were taken by a CCD camera. The fractal dimensions of electric trees were obtained by using a simple box-counting technique. The results show that the tree growth rate and fractal dimension was bigger when the frequency or voltage was higher, or the distance between electrodes was smaller. Contrary to our expectation, it has been found that when the distance between electrodes changed from 1 to 2 mm, the required voltage of the similar electrical trees decreased only 1or 2 kV. In order to evaluate the difficulties of electrical tree propagation in different conditions, a simple energy threshold analysis method has been proposed. The threshold energy, which presents the minimum energy that a charge carrier in the well at the top of the tree should have to make the tree grow, has been computed considering the length of electrical tree, the fractal dimension, and the growth time. The computed results indicate that when one of the three parameters of voltage, frequency, and local electric field increase, the trends of energy threshold can be split into 3 regions.     

Banach Algebra Dynamical Systems

This paper generalizes the C*-dynamical system to the Banach algebra dynamical system(A,G,α)and define the crossed product A α G of a given Banach algebra dynamical system(A,G,α).Then the representation of A α G is described when A admits a bounded left approximate identity.In a natural way,the authors define the reduced crossed product A α,r G and discuss the question when A α G coincides with A α,r G.     

Similarity degrees for the crossed product of von Neumann algebras

In this paper, we will estimate an upper bound for the similarity degree of the crossed product of a hyperfinite finite von Neumann algebra by weakly compact action of an infinite discrete group. We will also improve some upper bounds for similarity degrees of some finite von Neumann algebras.     

大断面切眼锚索支护技术实践

通过锚索支护的原理和设计原则的阐述 ,结合在淮北矿业集团杨庄矿进行的锚索支护技术实践 ,说明这项技术的实用性和良好的技术、经济和社会效益     

温州国际会展中心综合布线系统设计

拟从工作区子系统、水平布线子系统、垂直干线子系统、管理子系统、设备间子系统等几个方面 ,探讨综合布线在大型会展中心工程中的应用     

弹性缆对缓解电气承力缆型潜标环境响应的作用

针对电气承力缆型潜标（EMC-SSM）在极端海况下动态响应过大问题，建立了环境响应数学模型。通过某型电气承力缆型潜标在百年一遇海况下的拉力响应计算，研究了弹性缆在缓解电气承力缆型潜标环境响应方面的有效性及不同配置对缓解效果的影响规律。结果表明：长度适合时弹性缆对电气承力缆型潜标的动态响应具有显著的抑制作用，但不合适的长度将加剧其动态响应。最后，给出了弹性缆的设置原则和最短有效长度的确定方法。     

Microwave-assisted Cannizzaro reaction—Optimisation of reaction conditions

The microwave-assisted Cannizzaro reaction was studied in order to develop fully reproducible synthetic protocols for transformation of aldehydes to carboxylic acid and alcohols. Optimised were the following process parameters: power, temperature, and time. Aromatic, heteroaromatic and aliphatic aldehydes were used in the studies. It was found that furfural, thiophene-2-carbaldehyde, pyridinecarboxaldehyde and aromatic aldehydes react under mild conditions, while 1-methyl-pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde derivatives and aliphatic aldehydes require more drastic reaction conditions and a longer exposure time to microwave radiation.     

对山西省通信系统维护中出现问题的探讨

阐述了由于网管负荷较重、通信光缆破坏较严重、通信设备更新较快等原因,山西省通信系统维护中出现的一些问题。     

Measurements of AC losses in different former materials

A high temperature superconducting cable may be based on a centrally located cylindrical support, a so-called former. If electrically conductive, the former can contribute to the AC losses through eddy current losses caused by unbalanced axial and tangential magnetic fields. With these measurements we aim at investigating the eddy current losses of commonly used former materials. A one layer cable conductor was wound on a glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) former. By inserting a variety of materials into this, it was possible to measure the eddy current losses of each of the former candidates separately; for example copper tubes, stainless steel braid, copper braid, corrugated stainless steel tubes, etc. The measured data are compared with the predictions of a theoretical model. Our results show that in most cases, the losses induced by eddy currents in the former are negligible. However, for materials with a low resistivity the eddy current losses may become significant, e.g., for high purity Cu or Al.     

Dependence of polarization mode dispersion of slotted core NZDF ribbon on cable design and environmental conditions

Non-zero dispersion fiber (NZDF) ribbon cable has recently become a considerable alternative in long-haul high-speed network construction. Since long-distance high-bit rate transmission requires low polarization mode dispersion (PMD), it is very important to know the PMD performance of this type of optical fiber cables. In this paper, we report experimental analysis of effects of the cable design and environmental parameters, in particular ribbon thickness, positions of fibers in the ribbon, flexing and vibration, on PMD performances of several slotted-core fiber ribbon cables. Results show that ribbon thickness and positions of fibers in the ribbon alter the PMD values of NZDF ribbon cables. Also, 23% and 11% PMD variations have been determined in flexing and vibration experiments, respectively. Moreover, it has been observed that vibration amplitude has significant effects and vibration frequency has little effects (14% and 6% variations, respectively) on fiber PMD. Results are important for understanding effects of installation conditions and wind, especially for aerial fibers, on PMD values of cables.