Palladium supported on urea-containing porous organic polymers as heterogeneous catalysts for C–C cross coupling reactions and reduction of nitroarenes

The novel palladium nanoparticles (Pd@POPs) were successfully prepared with controllable sizes and dispersity through the introduction of H₂PdCl₄ into urea-linked porous organic polymers (POPs) in an aqueous environment followed by reducing Pd(II) to Pd(0) by NaBH₄. The newly prepared Pd@POPs were thoroughly characterized by FT-IR, ICP-AES, BET, XRD, SEM and TEM. Furthermore, the catalytic reactivities of this novel Pd@POPs were investigated via Heck, Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction and nitroarene reduction, and they exhibited superior catalytic performances in all these three reactions, producing the corresponding products in up to quantitative yields. Additionally, the Pd@POPs had excellent recyclability in both Heck and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions with the repeating time up to four times and ten times, respectively, along with no obvious decrease of catalytic reactivities.     

二维开口腔体填充多层各向异性介质TM波散射特性分析

应用区域分解法(DDM)结合有限元(FEM)和边界积分法(BIM)分析了填充多层各向异性介质二维开口腔体TM波散射特性.对腔体外区域采用边界积分法进行分析,将腔体内的每层介质作为一个子域用有限元法分析,各子域间通过传输条件进行耦合.作为算例,分别计算了腔体中填充各向同性和各向异性介质时的散射截面,数值结果表明了该方法的有效性.采用这种技术,大大地减少了对计算机内存的需求.     

Organozinc Pivalate Reagents: Segregation,Solubility, Stabilization,and Structural Insights

The pivalates RZnOPiv?Mg(OPiv)X?n LiCl (OPiv=pivalate; R=aryl; X=Cl, Br, I) stand out amongst salt‐supported organometallic reagents, because apart from their effectiveness in Negishi cross‐coupling reactions, they show more resistance to attack by moist air than conventional organometallic compounds. Herein a combination of synthesis, coupling applications, X‐ray crystallographic studies, NMR (including DOSY) studies, and ESI mass spectrometric studies provide details of these pivalate reagents in their own right. A p‐tolyl case system shows that in [D₈]THF solution these reagents exist as separated Me(p‐C₆H₄)ZnCl and Mg(OPiv)₂ species. Air exposure tests and X‐ray crystallographic studies indicate that Mg(OPiv)₂ enhances the air stability of aryl zinc species by sequestering H₂O contaminants. Coupling reactions of Me(p‐C₆H₄)ZnX (where X=different salts) with 4‐bromoanisole highlight the importance of the presence of Mg(OPiv)₂. Insight into the role of LiCl in these multicomponent mixtures is provided by the molecular structure of [(THF)₂Li₂(Cl)₂(OPiv)₂Zn].     

Iron‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Addition of Perfluoroalkyl Iodides to Alkynes and Alkenes

Iron catalysis has been developed for the intermolecular 1,2‐addition of perfluoroalkyl iodides to alkynes and alkenes. The catalysis has a wide substrate scope and high functional‐group tolerance. A variety of perfluoroalkyl iodides including CF₃I can be employed. The resulting perfluoroalkylated alkyl and alkenyl iodides can be further functionalized by cross‐coupling reactions. This methodology provides a straightforward and streamlined access to perfluoroalkylated organic molecules.     

Highly Tin‐Selective Stille Coupling: Synthesis of a Polymer Containing a Stannole in the Main Chain

The incorporation of heavier Group 14 element heteroles into semiconducting polymers leads to unusual optoelectronic properties. However, polymers containing stannoles have not been accessible to date. We report a synthetic route to a well‐defined, stannole‐containing polymer, the first example of this class of π‐conjugated polymers. This route was made possible by developing difunctionalized stannole monomers and highly tin‐selective Stille coupling reactions that leave the tin in the stannole untouched. Compared to poly(3‐n‐hexylthiophene), the resulting polymer displays a remarkable bathochromic shift in its absorption.     

Formation of H3+ in Collisions of H2+ with H2 Studied in a Guided Ion Beam Instrument

In order to study collisions between ions and neutrals, a new Guided Ion Beam (GIB) apparatus, called NOVion, has been assembled and tested. The primary purpose of this instrument is to measure absolute cross sections at energies relevant for technical or inter- and circumstellar plasmas. New and improved results are presented for forming H₃⁺ in collisions of H₂⁺ with H₂. Between 0.1 eV and 2 eV, our measured effective cross sections are in good overall agreement with most previous measurements. However, at higher energies, our results do not show the steep decline, recommended in the standard literature. After critical evaluation of all experimental and theoretical data, a new analytical function is proposed, describing properly the dependence of the title reaction on the collision energy up to 10 eV.     

外场RCS测量多路径干扰抑制技术研究

针对室外近地雷达横截面(RCS)测试场测量结果易受多路径干扰影响的问题,利用射线跟踪技术,综合考虑了信号直射、地面反射和刀边衍射3种因素,建立了单刀刃型障碍信号传输损耗预测模型,推导出了单刀刃型雷达栅信号传输衰落的数学表达式.结合某单位外场数据,对近地信号传输损耗预测模型进行了仿真分析,提出了一种新的单刀刃型雷达栅高度选取原则,根据优化结果进行了工程实现.实测结果证明了文中所述模型的实用性和有效性.     

在LH模型下研究e~+e~-→τ~+μ~-过程

最小Higgs模型(LH模型)中由于镜像轻子和标准模型(SM)轻子之间存在味改变耦合,会对τ+μ-Z(γ)顶角产生单圈贡献,从而使e~+e~-→τ~+μ~-过程的截面增加,这一效应能被实验探测到.利用LH模型研究了e~+e~-→τ~+μ~-过程,在Mathematica 7.0中通过调用High Energy Physics和Loop Tools,经过复杂计算得到其截面σ.通过这类过程探讨LH模型的效应.     

一种支持互联网上跨域流程编排的服务访问代理方法

面向服务架构(service oriented architecture,SOA)适用于分布式企业信息系统的跨域集成方案,但其现行的实现方法很难同时较好地实现系统的高度安全性和服务流程编排的松耦合性。为此提出了一种服务访问代理方法,基于SOA建立了一套服务访问代理系统(service access agentsystem,SAAS),对分布式企业服务总线上的服务资源进行共享管理和访问控制。该方法能够有效保障互联网上跨域集成的安全性,并在此基础上显著改善流程编排的敏捷性和可维护性。在某集团型企业信息化建设中,本方法显示了良好的应用价值。     

Experimental review of the ϒ(1S, 2S, 3S) physics at e+e− colliders and the LHC

The three lowest-lying \mathrm{\Upsilon } states, i.e., \mathrm{\Upsilon }(1S), \mathrm{\Upsilon }(2S), and \mathrm{\Upsilon }(3S), composed of bb¯ pairs and below the BB ¯ threshold, provide a good platform for the researches of hadronic physics and physics beyond the Standard Model. They can be produced directly in e⁺e⁻ colliding experiments, such as CLEO, Babar, and Belle, with low continuum backgrounds. In these experiments, many measurements of the exclusive \mathrm{\Upsilon }(1S) and \mathrm{\Upsilon }(2S) decays into light hadrons, which shed light on the “80% rule” for the Okubo–Zweig–Iizuka suppressed decays in the bottomonium sector, were carried out. Meanwhile, many studies of the charmonium and bottomonium productions in \mathrm{\Upsilon }(1S, 2S, 3S) decays were performed, to distinguish different Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) models. Besides, exotic states and new physics were also extensively explored in \mathrm{\Upsilon }(1S, 2S, 3S) decays at CLEO, BaBar, and Belle. The \mathrm{\Upsilon }(1S, 2S, 3S) states can also be produced in pp collisions and in collisions involving heavy ions. The precision measurements of their cross sections and polarizations at the large hadron collider (LHC), especially in the CMS, ATLAS, and LHCb experiments, help to understandΥproduction mechanisms in pp collisions. The observation of the sequentialΥsuppression in heavy ion collisions at CMS, LHCb, and ALICE is of great importance for verifying the quark–gluon plasma predicted by QCD. In this article, we review the experimental results on \mathrm{\Upsilon }(1S, 2S, 3S) at e⁺e⁻ colliders and the LHC, and summarize their prospects at Belle II and the LHC.