Gemini表面活性剂的合成及性能

以二苯乙烷和长碳链脂肪酰氯为原料合成出Gemini磺酸表面活性剂,通过核磁氢谱和红外光谱对化合物的结构进行表征,测定了其水溶液的表面张力,得出其表面张力曲线,进而算出其他相关参数.3种Gemini表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(CMC)值随烷基疏水碳链的增长而降低.与线性十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)相比,Gemini表面活性剂G12-2-12的C20值降低94.4%,CMC值降低91.3%.G12-2-12的饱和吸附面积(Amin)比对应单基表面活性剂的2倍降低27%,且Gemini表面活性剂在气液界面上排列更加紧密.     

局部超线性常微分p-Laplacian系统的多重周期解

利用临界点理论研究常微分p-Laplacian方程周期解的存在性,在比Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz条件更弱的超线性条件下,得到了多重周期解存在的充分条件.     

一类超二次椭圆方程的无穷多解

在不需假设（AR）条件的情况下，利用喷泉定理讨论了一类超二次椭圆方程无穷多解的存在性．     

关于超弹性材料球体中空穴分岔问题的研究(Ⅱ)

研究了一类可压缩超弹性材料组成的球体的空穴分岔问题.建立了球体在给定的表面均匀径向拉伸作用下的球对称变形问题的数学模型.证明了当给定的表面伸长超过某临界值时,球体内部可以发生空穴分岔,并且得到了描述球体的径向变形函数的参数型空穴分岔解;指出了临界伸长随泊松比的增加而减少,讨论了空穴分岔方程的解的稳定性.证明了在空穴生成之前,整个球体的变形是膨胀的;空穴生成后,空穴附近的变形是收缩的.最后给出了球体内部有空穴生成时的应力分布.     

A Testable Theory for the Emergence of the Classical World

The transition from the quantum to the classical world is not yet understood. Here, we take a new approach. Central to this is the understanding that measurement and actualization cannot occur except on some specific basis. However, we have no established theory for the emergence of a specific basis. Our framework entails the following: (i) Sets of N entangled quantum variables can mutually actualize one another. (ii) Such actualization must occur in only one of the 2^N possible bases. (iii) Mutual actualization progressively breaks symmetry among the 2^N bases. (iv) An emerging “amplitude” for any basis can be amplified by further measurements in that basis, and it can decay between measurements. (v) The emergence of any basis is driven by mutual measurements among the N variables and decoherence with the environment. Quantum Zeno interactions among the N variables mediates the mutual measurements. (vi) As the number of variables, N, increases, the number of Quantum Zeno mediated measurements among the N variables increases. We note that decoherence alone does not yield a specific basis. (vii) Quantum ordered, quantum critical, and quantum chaotic peptides that decohere at nanosecond versus femtosecond time scales can be used as test objects. (viii) By varying the number of amino acids, N, and the use of quantum ordered, critical, or chaotic peptides, the ratio of decoherence to Quantum Zeno effects can be tuned. This enables new means to probe the emergence of one among a set of initially entangled bases via weak measurements after preparing the system in a mixed basis condition. (ix) Use of the three stable isotopes of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen and the five stable isotopes of sulfur allows any ten atoms in the test protein to be discriminably labeled and the basis of emergence for those labeled atoms can be detected by weak measurements. We present an initial mathematical framework for this theory, and we propose experiments.     

闭黎曼流形上临界度量的研究

本文研究了闭黎曼流形上的双参数二次曲率泛函的临界度量,利用带Yamabe常数及曲率的pinching条件,以及我们证明了一个刚性定理.此外,我们也得到另外一些曲率条件下的刚性结果.     

Erosion and sediment delivery in rills on steep loess slope

Sediment delivery in rills on the loess slope was studied by inflow experiments. Relationships between sediment delivery rate in rills and flow shear stress, discharge and slope gradient, maximum sediment and unit runoff power, and discharge and slope gradient were analyzed. A relationship is presented for calculating the erosion rate in rills .     

A Shortcut Application of a Flory‐Like Model to Asphaltene Precipitation

A model, previously developed to determine the asphaltene precipitation onset, considered that asphaltene separation is ruled by the solvent quality of the surrounding media. Here, it is shown that it is equivalent to Flory‐Huggins model, when it is hypothesized that the asphaltene concentration is always in the instability range. With this, the controversy on the use of a concentration‐dependent model to describe a phenomenon that is practically independent of concentration is by‐passed. Moreover, improvements of the model are presented, together with sensitivity analysis with respect to its parameters. Two field case applications are reported, showing that the model gives a reasonable fit.     

Analysis of PCBs in Biotic Matrices by Two-Dimensional GC-ECD

Abstract

The suitability of three GC-ECD systems for the separation of a model mixture containing various congeners of PCBs together with persistent chlorinated aromatics (pesticides and their metabolites, industrial chemicals) was tested. Analyses were performed on two parallel capillaries, the stationary phase of one of them was always in routine practice very common 5% phenyl-methylpolysiloxane, the second one was either 50% phenylmethylpolysiloxane or 7% phenyl-7% cyanopropyl-methylpolysiloxane. The number of unresolved (coeluted) analytes was significantly reduced in these systems and thus unbiased quantitation of PCBs and other components used for regulation was possible. The utilization of this type of multidimensional chromatography for rapid and reliable analysis of real samples (fish oil, human fat) was documented.     

基于流-固-损伤全耦合模型的裂隙型岩溶突涌水数值模拟

岩溶地区隧道建设频遇突涌水灾害,裂隙型突涌水勘察与预测难度极大、致灾风险高。为揭示裂隙型岩溶突涌水机理与明确前兆信息,本文基于“流-固-损伤”耦合模型对裂隙型岩溶突涌水致灾机理与临界条件展开研究。通过公式推演与多场耦合数值分析得到以下结论：(1)建立了完整的“流-固-损伤”耦合裂隙型岩溶突涌水致灾机理数学模型,并论证其可行性与合理性;(2)分析了不同溶腔水压工况下,隧道拱顶围岩位移演化规律。结果表明,裂隙型岩溶突涌水与富水溶腔水压高度相关;(3)分析了临界突水条件下围岩特性,提出了“缓慢增长段-快速增长段-位移失控段”的三阶段裂隙型岩溶突涌水围岩位移演化规律。