论国际法效力基础的构成

对于国际法效力基础问题的探究,国际法学者们作出了几个世纪的不懈努力。问题研究的复杂性导致了不同学者们的不同结论。应本着全局、科学和现实的态度,来审视国际法的效力基础,不能生硬地割裂国际法效力基础的各构成要素之间的联系。国际法的效力基础应由国际法的程序效力基础、实质效力基础和现实效力基础三部分构成。     

水泥混凝土路面抗滑功能衰减模拟试验研究

为研究不同类型水泥混凝土路面的抗滑功能衰减,自行研制开发水泥混凝土路面加速磨损仪,并用于对刻槽、拉毛和拉槽混凝土路面板进行室内模拟加速磨损试验,采用摆式摩擦系数测试法和磨损深度测试法对路面抗滑构造的测试。试验结果表明:刻槽混凝土路面板的抗滑衰减分为两个阶段,第一阶段为表面砂浆的磨损,抗滑功能衰减较快,第二阶段为砂浆和粗骨料共同抵抗磨损作用,抗滑构造变化缓慢;拉毛混凝土路面板抗滑功能的衰减呈现初期快、中期缓慢、后期稳定的趋势;拉槽混凝土路面板初期磨损较快,后期变化缓慢,路面的砂浆层并没有出现因磨损过度而裸露粗骨料。     

An improved progressive preconditioning method for steady non‐cavitating and sheet‐cavitating flows

An improved progressive preconditioning method for analyzing steady inviscid and laminar flows around fully wetted and sheet‐cavitating hydrofoils is presented. The preconditioning matrix is adapted automatically from the pressure and/or velocity flow‐field by a power‐law relation. The cavitating calculations are based on a single fluid approach. In this approach, the liquid/vapour mixture is treated as a homogeneous fluid whose density is controlled by a barotropic state law. This physical model is integrated with a numerical resolution derived from the cell‐centered Jameson's finite volume algorithm. The stabilization is achieved via the second‐and fourth‐order artificial dissipation scheme. Explicit four‐step Runge–Kutta time integration is applied to achieve the steady‐state condition. Results presented in the paper focus on the pressure distribution on hydrofoils wall, velocity profiles, lift and drag forces, length of sheet cavitation, and effect of the power‐law preconditioning method on convergence speed. The results show satisfactory agreement with numerical and experimental works of others. The scheme has a progressive effect on the convergence speed. The results indicate that using the power‐law preconditioner improves the convergence rate, significantly. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

欧盟十国欲就涉外离婚法律“加强合作”之解析

欧盟十国欲在涉外离婚法律领域适用阿姆斯特丹条约引进的一定数量成员国间加强合作,这是欧盟涉外离婚法律领域中最新、同时也正处于进程之中的动态。在欧盟成员国不能达成全体一致,阻碍了欧盟在涉外离婚法律领域通过罗马规则Ⅲ的背景下,在涉外离婚法律领域启动加强合作程序是打破此僵局的途径之一,但并非唯一途径,还有其他四种可能的方案。加强合作究竟是进步还是倒退,这取决于个人看待这个问题的角度。     

Gauss’ law of error revisited in the framework of Sharma-Taneja-Mittal information measure

We reformulate the Gauss’ law of error in presence of correlations which are taken into account by means of a deformed product arising in the framework of the Sharma-Taneja-Mittal measure. Having reviewed the main proprieties of the generalized product and its related algebra, we derive, according to the Maximum Likelihood Principle, a family of error distributions with an asymptotic power-law behavior.      

The Rayleigh law in silicon doped hafnium oxide ferroelectric thin films

A wealth of studies have confirmed that the low‐field hysteresis behaviour of ferroelectric bulk ceramics and thin films can be described using Rayleigh relations, and irreversible domain wall motion across the array of pining defects has been commonly accepted as the underlying micro‐mechanism. Recently, HfO₂ thin films incorporated with various dopants were reported to show pronounced ferroelectricity, however, their microscopic domain structure remains unclear till now. In this work, the effects of the applied electric field amplitude, frequency and temperature on the sub‐coercive polarization reversal properties were investigated for 10 nm thick Si‐doped HfO₂ thin films. The applicability of the Rayleigh law to ultra‐thin ferroelectric films was first confirmed, indicating the existence of a multi‐domain structure. Since the grain size is about 20–30 nm, a direct observation of domain walls within the grains is rather challenging and this indirect method is a feasible approach to resolve the domain structure. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

CTA在急性复杂性大咯血患者行介入栓塞术前的应用价值分析

本文探讨了CT血管造影(CT angiography,CTA)在急性复杂性大咯血患者行介入栓塞术前的应用价值。回顾性选择49例急性复杂性大咯血患者CTA影像资料,通过与术中数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)结果进行对比,发现CTA对罪犯血管诊断准确率为89.33%,对多动脉交通吻合诊断准确率为86.96%。Kappa检验CTA与DSA检查结果一致性较高,受试者特征曲线(ROC)分析CTA诊断急性复杂性大咯血罪犯血管的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.947(95%CI:0.903~0.990,P=0.000),灵敏度89.33%,特异度100.00%。通过随访发现CTA指导下行介入栓塞术治疗有效率91.84%,术后1年无大咯血复发病例。     

唐律共犯人类型对我国刑法的启示

共同犯罪历来是国家打击的重点,这在我国建设社会主义市场经济的今天尤为重要。而《唐律》对共同犯罪人规定之完备,体现了高超的立法技术,为我国现代刑法规定的对共同犯罪人的处罚方法提供了历史依据和借鉴。     

论康德的“普世伦理”观

普世伦理又译作全球伦理,一直是人类探讨道德的核心问题。康德从先天的形式出发,通过自由意志、道德规律、人是目的和普遍立法等形式为普世伦理的发展奠定了基本基调和纯粹理性形式,促进了普世伦理思想的发展。     

Direct algorithms for constructing high-order conservation laws of nonlinear partial differential equations〖CB〗

提出了构造非线性偏微分方程高阶守恒律的直接法并在Maple上实现,算法易操作,效率高.作为算法的应用,考虑了许多高维非线性偏微分方程,如Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon-Sawada-Kotera方程、Boiti-Leon-Manna-Pempinelli方程和(2+1)-维Burgers方程以及It?方程组,得到了它们的新的高阶守恒律.该算法还可用于构造更高维更高阶的守恒律,亦可推广至微分-差分方程(组).