跨文化交际语境中会话含意的理解

对合作原则的共同遵守是言语交际的成功基础,实际交际中对合作原则的违反将产生会话含意。跨文化交际中文化差异直接影响着会话含意的表达和理解,当交际一方违反合作原则时,必要的文化常识有助于完整准确地理解其会话的真实意图。充分认识文化差异,对跨文化交际会话含意的理解有着重要意义。     

从违反合作原则看模糊语言的语用功能

自然语言存在模糊性。从合作原则的角度来看,模糊语言总会违反其中一条或几条准则,但实际上这种违反有助于语言交流的顺利进行。从语用上看,它使语言简洁,灵活,礼貌。     

浅析《一九八四》中模糊语言的语用功能

从语用学角度,运用会话中的合作原则和礼貌原则对乔治·奥威尔小说《一九八四》的模糊语言进行语用分析,通过分析小说文本中的人物会话,揭示了会话中模糊语言的深层含义.     

Metal–Support Cooperative Catalysts for Environmentally Benign Molecular Transformations

Metal–support cooperative catalysts have been developed for sustainable and environmentally benign molecular transformations. The active metal centers and supports in these catalysts could cooperatively activate substrates, resulting in high catalytic performance for liquid‐phase reactions under mild conditions. These catalysts involved hydrotalcite‐supported gold and silver nanoparticles with high catalytic activity for organic reactions such as aerobic oxidation, oxidative carbonylation, and chemoselective reduction of epoxides to alkenes and nitrostyrenes to aminostyrenes using alcohols and CO/H₂O as reducing reagents. This high catalytic performance was due to cooperative catalysis between the metal nanoparticles and basic sites of the hydrotalcite support. To increase the metal–support cooperative effect, core–shell nanostructured catalysts consisting of gold or silver nanoparticles in the core and ceria supports in the shell were designed. These core–shell nanocomposite catalysts were effective for the chemoselective hydrogenation of nitrostyrenes to aminostyrenes, unsaturated aldehydes to allyl alcohols, and alkynes to alkenes using H₂ as a clean reductant. In addition, these solid catalysts could be recovered easily from the reaction mixture by simple filtration, and were reusable with high catalytic activity.     

满足客流需求的地铁列车延误协同调整方法

以尽快疏散客流为出发点,提出协同调整城市轨道交通初始延误列车前方列车的方法.基于列车能力与客流需求的交互关系、运行约束和调整时间约束,协调考虑车内乘客和站台乘客,以全部乘客总旅行时间最小为目标建立了整数规划模型,并构建多列车、多车站时刻调整的组合动态规划求解算法.实例验证结果表明了模型与算法的有效性,与其他方法相比,该协同调整方法得到了更少的乘客旅行时间.     

非自治的三维时滞lotka—Volterra合作系统周期解存在性与全局稳定性

本文讨论三种群非自治时滞的合作系统，给出周期解存在与全局稳定的充分条件。     

Simple Peptide‐Tuned Self‐Assembly of Photosensitizers towards Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy

Peptide‐tuned self‐assembly of functional components offers a strategy towards improved properties and unique functions of materials, but the requirement of many different functions and a lack of understanding of complex structures present a high barrier for applications. Herein, we report a photosensitive drug delivery system for photodynamic therapy (PDT) by a simple dipeptide‐ or amphiphilic amino‐acid‐tuned self‐assembly of photosensitizers (PSs). The assembled nanodrugs exhibit multiple favorable therapeutic features, including tunable size, high loading efficiency, and on‐demand drug release responding to pH, surfactant, and enzyme stimuli, as well as preferable cellular uptake and biodistribution. These features result in greatly enhanced PDT efficacy in vitro and in vivo, leading to almost complete tumor eradication in mice receiving a single drug dose and a single exposure to light.     

模糊合作博弈局中人参与水平间相互作用度量

本文基于经典合作博弈局中人间相互作用现象的有关度量方法,针对具有模糊联盟的合作博弈问题,给出了模糊联盟中各局中人参与水平间相互作用的度量方法,定义了水平间相互独立性概念,建立了反映局中人各参与水平间相互作用平均程度的两指标:Shapley相互作用指标及Banzhaf相互作用指标.同时对于具有k-单调性的模糊合作博弈局中人参与水平间的边缘相互作用的有关性质作了进一步研究,得出了一些新的结论.     

Surface‐active metal‐coordinated oligoperoxidic radical initiators. I. The interrelation between the microstructure of ditertiary oligoperoxides and their ability to form stable metal complexes

Carbon‐chain heterofunctional oligoperoxides (HFOs) with ditertiary peroxidic, carboxy, or hydroxy groups formed stable coordinated complexes through their interaction with transition‐metal salts in organic solutions. The oligomeric metal complexes (OMCs) were separated from the reaction mixture and investigated through elemental analysis, voltammetry, and atom‐adsorption, IR, and UV spectroscopy. From these investigations and the calculated values of the mole fraction and formation constants of the stable complexes of the copper cations and HFOs, the probable cooperative mechanism of the complex formation by such oligomers was suggested. The existence of two levels of HFO molecule ordering, namely HFO microstructure and the structure of the hydrogen‐bonded complexes formed by HFOs, explained the cooperative mechanism and some characteristics of the OMC formation. The mole fraction and formation constants of the OMCs were interrelated with the disposition of the complex‐forming groups in the chain of HFOs. From the experimental data, it can be concluded that the complex‐forming groups of the HFOs possessed different reactivities both in the complex formation with metal cations and in the reactions involving the resulting OMCs. The shift in the half‐wave potential of the  O:O bond reduction during the transition from the HFO to a mixture of HFO and Cu²⁺ and to OMC indicated an increase in its reactivity. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 516–527, 2000     

New basis sets for the evaluation of interaction‐induced electric properties in hydrogen‐bonded complexes

Interaction‐induced static electric properties, that is, dipole moment, polarizability, and first hyperpolarizability, of the CO? (HF)_n and N₂? (HF)_n, n = 1–9 hydrogen‐bonded complexes are evaluated within the finite field approach using the Hartree–Fock, density functional theory, Møller–Plesset second‐order perturbation theory, and coupled cluster methods, and the LPol‐n (n = ds, dl, fs, fl) basis sets. To compare the performance of the different methods with respect to the increase of the complex size, we consider as model systems linear chains of the complexes. We analyze the results in terms of the many‐body and cooperative effects. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.