直接配置法求解连续铸钢过程中的最优控制问题

利用描述连续铸钢过程二冷区喷水控制下钢的热传导的半离散化模型 ,我们构造一包含温度梯度约束的最优控制问题 .针对此最优控制问题 ,采用直接配置法进行数值求解 ,得出相应的近似最优控制 .     

冰弹丸高速发射方法研究

冰弹丸的高速发射技术是认识冰弹丸高速撞击靶板损伤效应的瓶颈技术。利用二级轻气炮作为发射装置,采用液氮杜瓦制冷系统实现温度控制,选择铝质膜片对气压进行控制,利用高速摄像机对冰弹丸的完整性进行观测,并利用丝网测速仪对弹丸速度进行测量,实现了对冰弹丸的高速发射。通过实验验证了该方法的可行性,得到了完整冰弹丸在1516m/s下撞击铝合金靶板的实验结果。     

冰水浴和自然冷却条件下锂基润滑脂的流变学性能

通过两种不同冷却方式制得锂基润滑脂,采用HAAKE流变仪考察了锂基润滑脂的流变特性,从流变学的角度分析了润滑脂在动态条件下的实时变化,并与其胶体安定性和机械安定性等性能进行了比较.结果表明:锂基润滑脂的流变性能可以很好地反映出润滑脂的胶体安定性和机械安定性;在测试应力范围内,于自然冷却条件下制备的润滑脂结构变化为可逆变化,而冰水浴制备的润滑脂结构容易遭到不可逆的破坏.     

Performance investigation of an advanced tracked prime mover on the low bearing soil

This study has presented a performance investigation of an advanced tracked prime mover for the operation of agricultural goods and other operations on peat terrain. The maximum and continuous traction torque of the prime mover has been developed by designing an advanced controller for controlling the intelligent system. The prime mover’s mobility is studied with ultrasonic displacement sensor, torque transducer, National Instrument cRIO-9004 Compact-RIO Real-time Controller Unit (RCU), a National Instrument TPC 2106T Touch Panel Control (TPC), a Trimble AG132 GPS antenna and receiver unit, and a Dlink DIR-655 router. The fuzzy logic controller (FLC) has been equipped with the prime mover hydraulic system to increase the traction torque of the hydraulic motor when the prime mover’s sinkage is more than or equal to 70 mm. The prime mover’s design demonstrates good potential in traversing peat terrain as the measured tractive effort was found to be 48% of the vehicle’s gross weight while the recommended tractive effort is in the range of 30–36% of the vehicle’s gross weight.     

Can peer assisted learning be effective in undergraduate mathematics?

We report the implementation and evaluation of a ‘peer assisted learning’ (PAL) scheme designed to reduce the so-called ‘cooling off’ phenomenon in undergraduate mathematics. ‘Cooling off’ occurs when mathematics undergraduates lose motivation and interest in their studies, despite having previously actively chosen to study it at higher levels. We found that, despite concerns about the novel didactic contract inherent in PAL schemes, a majority of students chose to engage with the scheme, and that the student leaders of the PAL sessions were generally capable of implementing a student-centred pedagogy. Furthermore, we found that students who attended the PAL sessions had higher achievement in their final examinations, even after controlling for their lecture attendance and prior attainment. We conclude by arguing that PAL may provide a useful mechanism for reducing the prevalence of the ‘cooling off’ phenomenon in some – but not all – groups of mathematics students.     

Bright optical lattices in a longitudinal magnetic field. Experimental study of the oscillating and jumping regimes

All the bright optical lattices studied so far have been designed to obtain a circularly polarized light at the bottom of the optical potential wells. This condition minimizes the departure rate of the atoms from the fundamental adiabatic surface and permits an oscillating regime in a large range of parameters. We present here an experimental study of cesium atoms in a three-dimensional optical lattice, where the light is linearly polarized at the bottom of the potential wells. Temperature measurements and pump-probe spectroscopy give similar results for this lattice and for the conventional lin lin lattice (which have circular polarizations at the bottom of the wells) despite the fact that one lattice operates in the jumping regime and the other in the oscillating regime. We study the behaviour of the two types of lattices in a longitudinal magnetic field, with particular emphasis on the zero field and strong field regimes. The strong field situation is very simple because the eigenstates are then almost pure Zeeman substates and the adiabatic and diabatic potential surfaces are identical. The comparison between the zero-field and the high-field situations shows that the diabatic potentials are more appropriate to account for experimental observations in the novel lattice. Received: 9 October 1997 / Accepted: 6 November 1997     

Magnetocaloric effect and magnetic properties in NdMnO3 perovskite: A Monte Carlo approach

The magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect in $\text{NdMn}{\text{O}}_3$ have been investigated, as well as the effect of magnetic anisotropy in the magnetocaloric properties of the perovskite-type compound. A classical Heisenberg Hamiltonian with nearest and next-nearest neighbors interactions was implemented. Hamiltonian parameters were fitted in order to reproduce experimental results. Magnetic field dependence on the magnetization, for isothermal processes, was performed. In this way, the magnetic entropy change $\left(\mathrm{\Delta }{S}_m\right)$ was computed as well as the relative cooling power (RCP). Results show that as the magnetic anisotropy constant increases, there was not only a sharpening, but also an increase in peak height of $?\mathrm{\Delta }{S}_m$. Finally, the magnetic field and anisotropy dependences on the RCP were obtained, showing that the highest values of the RCP were found for low anisotropy values.     

应用分离涡模型计算斜圆柱孔气膜冷却

分离涡模型(DES,Detached eddy simulation)兼有雷诺时均湍流模型计算量较小和大涡模拟计算精度高的优点。本文利用DES对平板单斜圆柱孔的气膜冷却进行了数值模拟,并将结果同RANS湍流模型的计算结果以及实验数据相比较,表明DES能有效弥补RANS湍流模型在计算三维不均匀非定常湍流场的不足,更接近实际地反映了气膜冷却中的流动和换热的本质规律。     

固体材料激光冷却的实验研究及其最新进展

近年来，基于反斯托克斯荧光制冷(Anti—Stokes Fluorescent Cooling)的固体材料激光冷却技术得到了快速发展。本文首先简单介绍了固体材料激光冷却的基本原理及其技术；其次，详细介绍了各种固体激光冷却的新材料、新方案和新结果及其最新实验进展；最后，就固体激光冷却技术的应用前景及其未来发展方向等问题进行了简单讨论与展望。     

LED汽车前大灯散热器正交优化设计与分析

设计了一种LED汽车前大灯散热器结构,该结构主要由一条通风管和一台无叶风扇组成.在SolidWorks软件中建立该散热结构模型,并导入FloEFD软件进行散热仿真,得到LED结温温度为148℃.提出在通风管中填充矩形翅片和填充蜂窝结构两种改进方案.仿真结果表明,采用两种改进方案后LED汽车前大灯的结温温度分别下降至102.01℃和86.20℃.对填充蜂窝结构方案进行正交优化试验,分析得出影响该系统散热性能的因素依次为:蜂窝等效直径、蜂窝类型、填充长度、壁厚和通风管长度.按照该顺序优化参数值,得到最优散热结构.仿真结果表明,经过正交优化后,LED汽车前大灯的温度降为75.17℃,进一步提高了整体结构的散热性能.最后分析了该结构的基板温度与风速的关系,结果表明当风速低于5m/s时,温度随着风速的增大急剧降低,当风速高于5m/s时,温度下降趋势相对缓慢.