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11.
Md. Nur Alam Per B. Zetterlund Masayoshi Okubo 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(21):4995-5004
Bimolecular termination in nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization in miniemulsion has been investigated through the heating of a polystyrene–2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxy macroinitiator and its 4‐hydroxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxy analogue in an aqueous toluene dispersion with sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate as a surfactant at 125 °C. The level of bimolecular termination by combination, evaluated from the high‐molecular‐weight shoulder, was higher in miniemulsion than in solution and increased with decreasing particle size. Quantitative analysis revealed that these results cannot be rationalized solely by nitroxide partitioning to the aqueous phase. The results are explained by an interface effect, by which nitroxide is adsorbed or located at the aqueous–organic interface. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4995–5004, 2007 相似文献
12.
Xiao‐Hui Liu Yan‐Guo Li Ying Lin Yue‐Sheng Li 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(7):1272-1281
The reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) mediated by 2‐cyanoprop‐2‐yl dithiobenzoate was first applied to synthesize polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with a high molecular weight up to 32,800 and a polydispersity index as low as 1.29. The key to success was ascribed to the optimization of the experimental conditions to increase the fragmentation reaction efficiency of the intermediate radical. In accordance with the atom transfer radical polymerization of AN, ethylene carbonate was also a better solvent candidate for providing higher controlled/living RAFT polymerization behaviors than dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide. The various experimental parameters, including the temperature, the molar ratio of dithiobenzoate to the initiator, the molar ratio of the monomer to dithiobenzoate, the monomer concentration, and the addition of the comonomer, were varied to improve the control of the molecular weight and polydispersity index. The molecular weights of PANs were validated by gel permeation chromatography along with a universal calibration procedure and intrinsic viscosity measurements. 1H NMR analysis confirmed the high chain‐end functionality of the resultant polymers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1272–1281, 2007 相似文献
13.
Summary The enzymes a-amylase, invertase and glucoamylase were immobilized on acid activated montmorillonite using two techniques,
viz. adsorption and covalent binding, and their activities were tested in a batch and packed-bed reactor and were compared. The
packed-bed reactor showed an improved performance for all immobilized enzymes, which was attributed to lowering of diffusional
restrictions to mass transfer. Lower activity in case of batch reactor for immobilized invertase was due to a combined effect
of loss of native conformation of enzyme on account of immobilization and mass transfer resistances due to improper diffusion
of substrate to the active site of enzyme. For immobilized glucoamylase, the packed-bed reactor demonstrated exceptionally
high activity that was very close to the free enzyme. Covalently bound glucoamylase showed higher activity than the free enzyme. 相似文献
14.
Yangyang Jiang Chen Guo Huizhou Liu 《中国颗粒学报》2007,5(1):130-133
A magnetically rotational reactor (MRR) has been developed and used in absorbing benzene emissions. The MRR has a permanent magnet core and uses magnetic ionic liquid [bmim]FeCl4 as absorbent. Benzene emissions were carried by N2 into the MRR and were absorbed by the magnetic ionic liquid. The rotation of the permanent magnet core provided impetus for the agitation of the magnetic ionic liquid, enhancing mass transfer and making benzene better dispersed in the absorbent. 0.68 g benzene emissions could be absorbed by a gram of [bmim]FeCl4, 0.27 and 0.40 g/g higher than that by [bmim]PF6 and [bmim]BF4, respectively. The absorption rate increased with increasing rotation rate of the permanent magnet. 相似文献
15.
This paper is concerned with the spectral analysis of a one-velocity transport operator with Maxwell boundary condition in
L
1-space. After a detailed spectral analysis it is shown that the associated Cauchy problem is governed by a C
0-semigroup. Next, we discuss the irreducibility of the transport semigroup. In particular, we show that the transport semigroup
is irreducible. Finally, a spectral decomposition of the solutions into an asymptotic term and a transient one which will
be estimated for smooth initial data is given. 相似文献
16.
17.
以B2O3粉扩NH3为原料,用脉冲等离子体反应器合成BN,所得产品经X射线衍射,红外光谱分析表明,产品中除含六方氮化硼外,还含有少量立方氮化硼,生产工艺简单。 相似文献
18.
步进电机细分技术在经济型数控机床中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文叙述了步进电机细分原理及微机控制系统,并将其应用于经济型数控铣床的横向进给伺服系统,有效提高了开环数控系统的定位精度。 相似文献
19.
以内燃机排气-固体吸附制冷系统为背景,建立了固体吸附制冷系统发生器瞬态温度场数值计算模型,并讨论模型中涉及的部分物性参数。通过实验验证,该模型能较好地模拟发生器内瞬态温度场。 相似文献
20.
为改善横向水力载荷对控制棒导向筒的作用,对靠近上腔室出口管嘴附近的控制棒导向筒(对称的4组:02-26,03-25,11-29,12-28)加设了保护套.在秦山核电站压水堆上腔室14的可视化模拟体中,以水为介质进行了实验研究,把结果与未加设保护套的实验结果作了分析比较,得到了对靠近上腔室出口管嘴附近的控制棒导向筒加设保护套有助于改善流场对控制棒导向筒的水力载荷作用和确保控制棒能按指令在导向筒中自由升降和快速下插的结论. 相似文献