肃肺润肠汤对大鼠药物依赖性便秘肠道传输功能的影响

目的探讨中药复方肃肺润肠汤对大鼠药物依赖性便秘的影响。方法清洁级SD大鼠30只,随机分为对照组(n=10)、模型组(n=10)和治疗组(n=10)。除对照组外,模型及治疗组用限水不禁食的方法造成大鼠便秘,继给各组大鼠用大黄行灌胃治疗,如此反复多次,使大鼠形成药物依赖性便秘,在此基础上,大鼠治疗组给予肃肺润肠汤灌胃,以观察该中药复方对该疾病模型大鼠的作用。肠道传输功能的观察指标:单位时间粪便排出量、首粒大便排出时间、硫酸钡小肠推进率;并用上述观察指标进行给中药复方前后的比较。对照组给予蒸馏水灌胃。结果⑴模型组比对照组单位时间粪便排出量少、质硬,肠道的传输功能减慢,差异有显著性(P<0.05);⑵对照组大鼠则无任何特殊表现;⑶治疗组经喂药治疗后一般情况较好,肠道的传输功能接近对照组,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论肃肺润肠汤可以促进胃肠蠕动,改善药物依赖性便秘大鼠肠道的传输功能。     

中医药治疗便秘的用药规律及网络药理学探析

基于数据挖掘及网络药理学方法,探究中药治疗便秘的用药规律并分析核心中药的作用机制。通过检索中国知网、维普数据库、万方数据库中有关中药复方治疗便秘的文献,筛选符合要求的文献并提取数据,对中药复方的药物频次、关联规则及聚类进行分析。基于中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台获取核心药物的化学成分及靶点,通过GeneCards、OMIM、TTD等数据库获取疾病靶点,借助Venny平台获取潜在靶点,采用STRING数据库、DAVID数据库进行相关机制分析。基于AutoDock软件进行分子对接。结果表明:筛选出复方85个;使用频次在10以上的有25味药,其中白术的使用频率最高;关联规则挖掘出白术-黄芪、白术-黄芪-当归分别是支持度最高的组合;聚类分析可将药物分为5类;挖掘出核心中药白术、当归、枳实和火麻仁。网络药理分析显示,核心中药治疗便秘的机制是化学成分作用于AKT1等靶点,进而调节癌症通路、磷脂酰肌醇3激酶-蛋白激酶B信号通路、p53信号通路等发挥治疗作用。该研究为中医药治疗便秘的用药规律提供了理论基础,为治疗便秘的中药复方的开发与发展提供了思路。     

hAQP9在便秘患者直肠黏膜中的表达变化及意义

研究人水通道蛋白9(hAQP9)在便秘与非便秘直肠黏膜的表达变化,探讨其与便秘的关系及意义. 取10例顽固性便秘患者手术标本作为便秘组,同期10例无便秘病史直肠癌手术标本近断端部分作为非便秘组,应用免疫组织化学法检测hAQP9的表达差异.免疫组化结果显示AQP9主要表达于杯状细胞,在便秘和非便秘组表达量有差异,便秘组表达明显减少(P<0.05).AQP9主要存在于杯状细胞并表达减少,可能参与了杯状细胞的黏液分泌,推测其表达下降与便秘的发生、发展具有密切相关性.     

不同容器发酵水豆豉对便秘的防治效果及机制

对不同容器发酵水豆豉乙醇提取物的便秘预防效果及作用机制进行了研究.对活性炭诱导便秘的小鼠灌胃不同容器发酵水豆豉提取物后发现对照组(活性炭诱导便秘)小鼠的体重下降最多,活性炭在小肠中的推进率最低,排出首粒黑便的时间也最长;相比于对照组玻璃容器发酵水豆豉(GVFS)提取物可以缓解便秘小鼠的体重下降,提高活性炭的推进率和减少排出首粒黑便时间.同时相对于对照组,GVFS可以提高小鼠血清MTL、Gas、ET、AchE、SP、VIP的水平和降低SS水平,且对这些血清水平的影响显著强于陶瓷容器发酵水豆豉(CVFS)提取物和塑料容器发酵水豆豉(PVFS)提取物.RT-PCR实验结果显示GVFS组小鼠的c-Kit、SCF、GDNF mRNA表达高于PVFS、CVFS组和对照组,而TRPV1、NOS表达仅高于正常组.由此可见,水豆豉具有良好的便秘预防效果,且玻璃容器发酵提取物能够使水豆豉具有更好的效果,主要原因可能是由于GVFS含有较高含量的大豆异黄酮.     

The Anti-Constipation Effects of Raffino-Oligosaccharide on Gut Function in Mice Using Neurotransmitter Analyses, 16S rRNA Sequencing and Targeted Screening

Raffino-oligosaccharide (ROS), the smallest oligosaccharide of the raffinose family, is a novel food ingredient. However, the anti-constipation effects of ROS remain obscure. This study investigates the anti-constipation effects of ROS based on the loperamide-induced mice model and reveals the underlying mechanism using constipation parameters, neurotransmitter level, 16S rRNA sequencing, and the targeted screening strategy. The prevention effects were firstly investigated by the gastro-intestinal transit rate experiment (50 mice) and defecation status experiment (50 mice), which were divided into five groups (n = 10/group): blank, model, and low-, medium- and high-dose ROS. Furthermore, the slow-transit constipation experiment (blank, model, and high-dose ROS, n = 10/group) was conducted to illustrate the underlying mechanism. The results showed that ROS aided in preventing the occurrence of constipation by improving the gastro-intestinal transit rate and the defecation frequency in mice, and ROS significantly reduced the serum levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). In addition, ROS regulated the diversity and structure of intestinal flora. Among them, one specific family and six specific genera were significantly regulated in constipated mice. The targeted screening revealed that 29 targets related to the anti-constipation effects of ROS, indicating ROS may play a role by regulating multiple targets. Furthermore, the network pharmacology analysis showed that Akt1, Stat3, Mapk8, Hsp90aa1, Cat, Alb, Icam1, Sod2, and Gsk3b can be regarded as the core anti-constipation targets. In conclusion, ROS could effectively relieve constipation, possibly by inhibiting the level of neurotransmitters and regulating the gut flora in mice. This study also provides a novel network pharmacology-based targeted screening strategy to reveal the anti-constipation effects of ROS.     

Laxative Effects of Phlorotannins Derived from Ecklonia cava on Loperamide-Induced Constipation in SD Rats

This study investigated the laxative effects of phlorotannins (Pt) derived from Ecklonia cava (E. cave) on chronic constipation by evaluating alterations in stool parameters, gastrointestinal motility, histopathological structure, mucin secretion, gastrointestinal hormones, muscarinic cholinergic regulation, and fecal microbiota in SD rats with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation subjected to Pt treatment. Stool-related parameters (including stool number, weight, and water contents), gastrointestinal motility, and length of intestine were significantly enhanced in the Lop+Pt-treated group as compared to the Lop+Vehicle-treated group. A similar recovery was detected in the histopathological and cytological structure of the mid-colon of Lop+Pt-treated rats, although the level of mucin secretion remained constant. Moreover, rats with Lop-induced constipation subjected to Pt treatment showed significant improvements in water channel expression, gastrointestinal hormone secretions, and expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M2/M3 (mAChRs M2/M3) and their mediators of muscarinic cholinergic regulation. Furthermore, the Lop+Pt-treated group showed a significant recovery of Bifidobacteriaceae, Muribaculaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Eubacteriaceae families in fecal microbiota. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence that exposure of SD rats with Lop-induced constipation to Pt improves the constipation phenotype through the regulation of membrane water channel expression, GI hormones, the mAChR signaling pathway, and fecal microbiota.     

常用泻药剂简介

介绍了几种治疗慢性便秘的药剂，包括：硫酸镁，比沙啶，酚酞，甘油，开塞露等。并着重介绍了它们的用法。     

药物依赖性便秘大鼠大肠杯状细胞及5-HT变化的实验研究

目的研究药物依赖性便秘大鼠大肠杯状细胞、免疫反应(immunoreactive,IR)细胞5-羟色胺(5-HT)的形态分布及数量的变化,探讨大鼠大肠杯状细胞、5-HT在药物依赖性便秘的可能作用。方法建立大鼠药物依赖性便秘模型,再采用普通组织学、免疫组织化学SABC法和细胞计数研究大鼠大肠杯状细胞、5-HT免疫反应细胞所发生的形态分布及数量的变化。结果与正常对照组比较,模型组大肠杯状细胞、5-HT细胞数量均减少,且后者免疫染色强度减弱。结论药物依赖性便秘大鼠肠道杯状细胞、免疫反应细胞5-HT的形态分布和数量发生了改变。提示大肠杯状细胞、免疫反应细胞5-HT的改变可能是产生药物依赖性便秘的重要因素。     

蕨菜水提物对便秘小鼠的治疗作用

以硫糖铝致小鼠便秘为动物模型,常用临床药物福松（1.3 g/kg）处理为阳性对照,用小鼠排便和肠推进等试验方法探讨不同剂量（20,40,60 g/kg）的蕨菜水提物对便秘小鼠肠道蠕动能力的影响.试验结果表明,不同剂量的蕨菜水提物对便秘小鼠的小肠内容物推进率、首粒排便时间、粪便性状、4 h内排便粒数及其质量的影响均明显大于阴性;与阳性对照组对比,中剂量蕨菜水提物处理组在首粒排便时间、4 h内排便粒数及其质量等方面无明显差距,而高剂量蕨菜水提物处理组在首粒排便时间（（17.200 0±3.938 4）min）明显早于阳性组（（26.800 0±3.881 6）min）;在小肠内容物推进率方面,中、低剂量蕨菜水提物处理组（（34.000 5±6.057 5）%,（31.529 8±4.204 8）%）明显低于阳性组,而高剂量蕨菜水提物处理组（（41.948 1±4.219 4）%）与阳性组（（43.057 9±6.308 4）%）对比无显著差异.     

番茄纤维对便秘小鼠通便作用的研究

为观察番茄纤维对便秘模型小鼠的润肠通便作用,采用小鼠粪便计数,小肠推进实验,观察样品对便秘模掣小鼠的粪便粒数、粪便重量、排便频率和小肠内容物推进率的影响。结果显示番茄纤维能明显促进小鼠小肠运动、增加粪便粒数、重量和提高排便频率。由此可知番茄纤维具有促排便作用。