浅谈中水及其利用

简述了中水回用的概念及其重要作用,分析了我国中水利用的现状和中水回用的几种主要方式,并对我国中水技术的发展状况进行了总结和概括。     

某石油烃污染场地包气带介质及含水介质TPH污染特征

 为研究某石油烃污染场地包气带介质及含水介质总石油烃(TPH)的污染程度及分布特征,采集了119 个场地包气带及含水介质样品进行TPH 含量测试。针对测试结果应用累积频率法,通过求解样品TPH 含量累积概率散点线性回归直线的交叉点,识别了场地总石油烃背景阈值,解决了由于累积概率曲线绘制因人而异造成的背景阈值识别不够准确问题,再采用单因子指数法对场地包气带介质及含水介质石油烃污染现状进行评价分析。研究结果表明:场地包气带介质及含水介质的TPH 背景阈值为36.7 mg·kg^-1。场地南部(污染源处)包气带介质垂向上石油烃污染程度逐渐变轻,含水介质为先变重逐渐稳定后变轻,随后稳定在中等污染水平上;场地中部包气带介质污染特征与南部相似,含水介质则仅在浅部受到石油烃的污染;场地北部的包气带介质及含水介质均处于石油烃的未污染或污染水平较低状态。包气带介质的石油烃污染程度重于含水介质。     

边界元方法建立高炉炉缸炉底侵蚀模型

采用边界元方法建立了某大型高炉炉缸炉底侵蚀判定的数学模型,该模型用于推定高炉炉底１１５０℃等温线的位置和形状,以了解和分析炉缸炉底的破损情况,结果表明,边界元方法在近似单一介质热传导问题所中建立的数学模型用来预测高炉炉缸炉侵蚀状况,有省时,精度可控的优点。     

变压器介质油中放线菌对油介损的影响

用自制的JOA液体培养基首次从报废的大型变压器介质油中分离到两种放线菌: 枝动菌和罗思氏菌, 它们都能以介质油为惟一碳源进行生长繁殖, 枝动菌对变压 器油介损的影响更为显著. 研究结果表明, 油介损随油中菌浓度的升高而升高, 随运行时 间的增加而增加.     

变形量对(CoNiV)97Al3中熵合金组织和力学性能的影响

高强度和高塑性的中熵合金,相较于传统合金能够满足更多的实际应用。通过在CoNiV合金中掺入微量Al,经过退火处理来提高其力学性能。制备了不同Al含量的铸态(CoNiV)_100-xAl_x（x为1、2、3、4、5,原子分数/%）合金。采用万能试验机、维氏硬度计、X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜,研究了退火温度、Al含量及拉伸变形量对合金力学性能、显微组织的影响。实验结果表明,随着Al含量的增加,合金的伸长率提升到30%以上,维氏硬度从755.8降低到375.6。经过1 000 ℃退火处理后的合金达到更高的强度?塑性平衡,伸长率可达到35%以上,拉伸屈服强度较高（超过950 MPa）。实验选择(CoNiV)₉₇Al₃（Al3）中熵合金作为研究对象,将系统分析拉伸变形量（50%、100%）对Al3合金微观组织及力学性能的影响。Al3合金在拉伸变形过程中,位错滑移主导变形,孪晶增加位错存储量,促进位错滑移堆积,该合金变形?断裂过程的主要为位错与孪晶的协同作用。     

Periodic mesoporous organosilica grafted palladium organometallic complex: efficient heterogeneous catalyst for water‐medium organic reactions

Water‐medium organic reactions were studied over periodic mesoporous silica (PMO) containing Pd(II) organometallic complex. This heterogeneous catalyst was achieved by Pd(II) compound coordinated with the PPh₂‐ligand onto the pore surface of phenylene‐bridged PMO support. This catalyst displayed ordered mesoporous channels, which ensured the high dispersion of Pd(II) active sites and the convenient diffusion of reactant molecules into the pore channels. Meanwhile, the phenyl group in the pore wall of PMO could enhance the surface hydrophobicity which promoted the adsorption of organic reactant molecules on the catalyst in aqueous environment. As a result, this elaborated catalyst exhibited comparable activity and selectivity with the corresponding PdCl₂(PPh₃)₂ homogeneous catalyst in the water‐medium organic reactions, and could be used repeatedly, showing a good potential in industrial applications. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非水介质毛细管电泳电导法检测盐酸胺碘酮

采用非水介质毛细管电泳电导检测法对盐酸胺碘酮进行检测。探讨了缓冲溶液的种类、pH和浓度、分离电压、进样时间、进样高度等因素对检测效果的影响,建立了测定盐酸胺碘酮的新方法。用乙醇作为非水介质,在30mmol L三羟甲基氨基甲烷 15mmol L柠檬酸(pH6.90)运行缓冲溶液中,盐酸胺碘酮在5～200mg L范围内的线性回归方程为y=74.94x-7.83,r=0 999。检出限(S N=3)为0.5mg L,样品回收率为98.9%。适用于含盐酸胺碘酮的药剂的分析。     

高效液相色谱法测定非离子造影剂欧乃帕克

建立了一种快速、灵敏的细径柱高效液相色谱测定非离子造影剂欧乃帕克的方法。用高氯酸去除血浆蛋白,流动相采用简单的7%（体积分数）甲醇水溶液体系。方法的线性范围为0.5~500 mg/L ,相关系数大于 0.999 8 。欧乃帕克的最低检测量为154 pg,保留时间为(3.46 ± 0.02) min,总分析时间少于5 min。日内、日间相对标准偏差(RSD)分别小于4.3%和11.4%。方法的平均回收率大于91.51%。     

1-(d-Glucopyranosyl-2′-deoxy-2′-iminomethyl)-2-hydroxynaphthalene as chemo-sensor for Fe in aqueous HEPES buffer based on colour changes observable with the naked eye

A new glucose-based C2-derivatized colorimetric chemo-sensor (L₁) has been synthesized by a one-step condensation of glucosamine and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde for the recognition of transition metal ions. Among the eleven metal ions studied, viz., Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Mn²⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Hg²⁺, L₁ results in visual colour change only in the presence of Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺and Cu²⁺ in methanol. However, in an aqueous HEPES buffer (pH 7.2) it is only the Fe³⁺ that gives a distinct visual colour change even in the presence of other metal ions, up to a concentration of 280 ppb. The changes have been explained based on the complex formed, and the composition has been determined to be 2:1 between L₁ and Fe³⁺ based on Job’s plot as well as ESI MS. The structure of the proposed complex has been derived based on HF/6-31G calculations.     

Hemoglobin‐Titanate Composite Based Biosensor for the Amperometric Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide in Acidic Medium

A hemoglobin‐titanate composite based biosensor was chosen for determination of H₂O₂ in an acidic medium. CV results of the Hb‐titanate modified pyrolytic graphite electrode showed a pair of well‐defined, quasi‐reversible redox peaks centered at ?246 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) in a pH 5.0 HAc‐NaAc buffer solution. The modified electrode exhibited good electrocatalytic response for monitoring H₂O₂ and had a large linear detection range from 20 μM to 3.2 mM with a detection limit of 8 μM (S/N=3) and a sensitivity of 29.7 mA M^?1 cm^?2 in the pH 5.0 solution. The biosensor also possessed good long term storage stability.