Nanocarbon-poly(methyl methacrylate) composite materials

Nanocarbon-poly(methyl methacrylate) sols were prepared by pulsed laser ablation at the interface of target submerged in flowing liquid (PLA-IT/SFL) method, and the corresponding composite films were prepared by solution-casting. Spectra results indicated that there existed interactions between nanocarbon and the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix, which was consistent with the decrease in glass transition temperature of the composites with increase of carbon content. TEM images revealed that a carbon encapsulated core/shell structure was formed in the composites, which could ensure good dispersion of carbon nanoparticles within the PMMA matrix. The decomposition of the composites was less influenced by the introduction of nanocarbon particles. Translated from Acta Polymerica Sinica 2006, 2(2) (in Chinese)     

Refined Composite Multi-Scale Reverse Weighted Permutation Entropy and Its Applications in Ship-Radiated Noise

Ship-radiated noise is one of the important signal types under the complex ocean background, which can well reflect physical properties of ships. As one of the valid measures to characterize the complexity of ship-radiated noise, permutation entropy (PE) has the advantages of high efficiency and simple calculation. However, PE has the problems of missing amplitude information and single scale. To address the two drawbacks, refined composite multi-scale reverse weighted PE (RCMRWPE), as a novel measurement technology of describing the signal complexity, is put forward based on refined composite multi-scale processing (RCMP) and reverse weighted PE (RWPE). RCMP is an improved method of coarse-graining, which not only solves the problem of single scale, but also improves the stability of traditional coarse-graining; RWPE has been proposed more recently, and has better inter-class separability and robustness performance to noise than PE, weighted PE (WPE), and reverse PE (RPE). Additionally, a feature extraction scheme of ship-radiated noise is proposed based on RCMRWPE, furthermore, RCMRWPE is combined with discriminant analysis classifier (DAC) to form a new classification method. After that, a large number of comparative experiments of feature extraction schemes and classification methods with two artificial random signals and six ship-radiated noise are carried out, which show that the proposed feature extraction scheme has better performance in distinguishing ability and stability than the other three similar feature extraction schemes based on multi-scale PE (MPE), multi-scale WPE (MWPE), and multi-scale RPE (MRPE), and the proposed classification method also has the highest recognition rate.     

Intelligent Fault Identification for Rolling Bearings Fusing Average Refined Composite Multiscale Dispersion Entropy-Assisted Feature Extraction and SVM with Multi-Strategy Enhanced Swarm Optimization

Rolling bearings act as key parts in many items of mechanical equipment and any abnormality will affect the normal operation of the entire apparatus. To diagnose the faults of rolling bearings effectively, a novel fault identification method is proposed by merging variational mode decomposition (VMD), average refined composite multiscale dispersion entropy (ARCMDE) and support vector machine (SVM) optimized by multistrategy enhanced swarm optimization in this paper. Firstly, the vibration signals are decomposed into different series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) based on VMD with the center frequency observation method. Subsequently, the proposed ARCMDE, fusing the superiorities of DE and average refined composite multiscale procedure, is employed to enhance the ability of the multiscale fault-feature extraction from the IMFs. Afterwards, grey wolf optimization (GWO), enhanced by multistrategy including levy flight, cosine factor and polynomial mutation strategies (LCPGWO), is proposed to optimize the penalty factor C and kernel parameter g of SVM. Then, the optimized SVM model is trained to identify the fault type of samples based on features extracted by ARCMDE. Finally, the application experiment and contrastive analysis verify the effectiveness of the proposed VMD-ARCMDE-LCPGWO-SVM method.     

大直径焊钉连接件抗剪性能试验

为了解决部分情况下组合结构桥梁钢-混结合面焊钉布置过密的问题,通过直径22mm,25mm和30mm焊钉的抗剪承载性能模型试验比较分析了直径25mm和30mm大直径焊钉相对于直径22mm常规焊钉破坏模态、承载力、刚度和变形性能的差异,并对国内外桥梁规范中焊钉抗剪承载力设计式对于大直径焊钉的适用性进行了评估.研究结果表明,相对于直径22mm焊钉,直径25mm和30mm焊钉的抗剪承载力平均增大约14%和42%,抗剪刚度平均增大约35%和106%.《公路钢结构桥梁设计规范(送审稿)》、规范Eurocode 4和规范AASHTO LRFD中的抗剪承载力设计式均可较为保守地计算大直径焊钉的抗剪承载力,其中Eurocode 4最为保守.试验值与设计值的比值随焊钉直径的增加而减小.     

焊钉连接件抗拉承载力试验研究

为建立组合结构桥梁常用焊钉连接件的抗拉承载力计算方法,进行了高度分别为100、200、300和400mm的焊钉连接件抗拉承载性能模型试验,比较分析了高度对破坏模态、承载力和峰值分离的影响;基于国内外93个模型试验结果,比较分析了ACI 318-08、PCI 5th和CEB-ECCS等标准所建议抗拉承载力计算式与试验结果的吻合度;给出了防止焊钉拔出、边缘混凝土压裂和混凝土掀起等脆性破坏的限制条件;结合脆性破坏限制条件和延性破坏抗拉承载力计算式提出了焊钉连接件延性破坏抗拉承载力计算方法.研究结果表明:焊钉受拉延性破坏时的承载力和峰值分离约为脆性破坏时的1.5和5.8倍;ACI 318-08所建议计算式与试验结果吻合度较高;分别采用混凝土强度等级、焊钉缘端距离及焊钉高径比作为限制条件,能够防止焊钉受拉时发生脆性破坏;提出的焊钉连接件延性破坏抗拉承载力计算方法,可为焊钉连接件的延性设计提供参考.     

硅酸根电迁移反应法处理砂浆的耐久性

为提升砂浆的耐久性,用硅酸根电迁移反应法处理砂浆。通过对比试验,研究了基准砂浆、去除表面涂层的被处理砂浆、带有表面涂层的被处理砂浆试件的抗碳化、抗硫酸盐侵蚀、抗氯离子扩散和抗钢筋氯离子腐蚀的耐久性能。应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)与压汞仪(MIP)研究了硅酸根电迁移反应法影响砂浆耐久性的微观作用机制。结果表明:砂浆试件的抗碳化、抗硫酸盐侵蚀、抗氯离子扩散与抗钢筋氯离子腐蚀的耐久性能由小到大的顺序为:基准砂浆、去除表面涂层的被处理砂浆试件、带有表面涂层的被处理砂浆试件;硅酸根电迁移反应法对耐久性的提升作用缘于它能致密化砂浆并生成表面涂层的双重效果;由于生成的表面涂层较薄,且含有众多微米级孔隙,使表面涂层对砂浆耐久性影响减弱,砂浆致密化在耐久性的提升中起主要作用。     

硼铁矿应用于高铬型钒钛矿烧结优化的实验研究

实验室条件下,研究了硼铁矿对高铬型钒钛矿烧结工艺及冶金性能的影响.研究表明:随着硼铁矿质量配比的升高,垂直烧结速度、成品率、转鼓指数、烧结杯利用系数、综合指标及低温还原粉化性能均呈先升高后降低的趋势,在硼铁矿质量配比为5.0%时,以上各指数均达到最高值,分别为28.84 mm·min-1,86.02%,61.2%,1.919 t·(m2·h)-1,363及90.76%,均优于未配加硼铁矿时的烧结矿性能.因此,烧结矿性能得以优化,可以为高炉冶炼提供更为优质的高铬型钒钛烧结矿.     

Y/SBA-15的微波水热法合成及其表征分析

研究了微波水热法合成微孔-介孔复合分子筛Y/SBA-15,以XRD为表征手段,考察了pH、二氧化硅与P123物质的量比、微波功率、搅拌速度和晶化温度等因素对复合分子筛结构的影响.经过研究确定了复合分子筛的合成条件:pH值为2.5,SiO2和P123物质的量比为58,微波功率为200W,搅拌速度为250r/min,晶化温度为120℃.采用氮气吸附脱附、透射电镜等分析方法对复合分子筛进行了表征分析,结果表明:合成产物同时具有微孔介孔结构特征,结晶度良好、短棒状大小均匀,微孔、介孔2种孔径分布均匀,平均孔径为4.050 13nm,孔壁厚度为2.2nm,BET孔容为0.350 525cm3/g.     

腹板对复合材料夹层梁抗扭性能影响分析

应用有限元分析软件ANSYS,对腹板增强型复合材料夹层梁扭转力学性能进行研究.建立夹层梁物理模型,分析纵、横向腹板对夹层梁扭转力学性能的增强作用,考察腹板间距及厚度对夹层梁扭转角的影响,并对2种腹板的增强作用进行对比.结果显示:纵向和横向腹板均能提高夹层梁抗扭转性能,其中纵向腹板间距及横向腹板厚度对夹层梁扭转力学性能有着明显的影响.总体上纵向腹板的增强效果要比横向腹板好.     

螺栓连接组合梁的弯曲计算

由于螺栓连接组合梁的弯曲是一个静不定问题,一些文献把螺栓连接组合梁弯曲作为静定问题来处理,有时会导致螺栓连接组合梁叠层梁弯曲应力、弯曲挠度、螺栓剪力的计算结果存在很大的误差。本文按静不定问题研究了螺栓连接组合梁弯曲变形,导出了螺栓连接组合梁弯曲的弯曲应力、弯曲挠度、螺栓剪力计算公式。通过有限元法及实验验证了把螺栓连接组合梁弯曲作为静不定问题处理是正确的。