Principal component analysis of carbon-13 substituent-induced chemical shifts of some unsaturated compounds

Principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to 32 disubstituted unsaturated compounds (Y–CH₂–X): cyanides, oximes and propenes; bearing 12 -substituents: F, Cl, Br, I, OMe, OEt, SMe, SEt, NMe₂, NEt₂, Me, and Et. The experimental ¹³C chemical shifts for the -carbon and functional carbon atoms are correlated with theoretically derived molecular properties, i.e. partial charges, electronegativity, hardness, dipole moments and the nuclear repulsion energies. In the first PCA, the clustering of these three classes of organic compounds occurred mostly because of the chemical shifts and partial charges, and also of the dipole moments, hardness and electronegativity parameters as confirmed by loading graph. A strong grouping is observed in the second PCA, showing the chemical shift dependence on the type of heteroatom substituents. Therefore, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen and neutral groups exhibit four types of C-13 SCS influences, indicating that the heteroatom (Y) properties play a significant role on the effects on chemical shifts. The -halogenated compounds represent a very heterogeneous group due to possible orbital interactions between the functional group and the substituent. The third PCA shows the grouping of F, Cl, Br and I derivatives, confirming the second PCA results that same halogen presents the same or very similar effects on the chemical shifts.     

Observations of trends for singular values and eigenvectors from library searching ultraviolet-visible spectra with spectral subtraction

A promising procedure for computerized library searching and identification of ultraviolet-visible spectra for one- and two-component mixtures is evaluated. The procedure is based on singular value decomposition and utilizes band position and shape. Searching more than one library spectrum at a time is possible. Library spectra which have similar spectra (collinear) with the sample and each other are indicated by two measures. First, a large condition index must be obtained, and second, two or more large variance-decomposition proportions in the same row need to be associated with the large condition index. The searching procedure has a significant degree of differentiation between the actual sample and potential candidates and is compared with the dot product, Euclidean distance and the correlation coefficient.     

Comparison of Different Cartridges of Solid Phase Extraction for Determination of Polyphenols in Tobacco by UPLC/MS/MS and Multivariate Analysis

The comparison of solid phase extraction(SPE) for the preconcentration and isolation of polyphenols in tobacco samples was carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) and multivariate analysis.Several adsorbing materials of SPE(C18,NH2,SAX and OASIS) were investigated.It was found that the C18 and OASIS cartridges can not only speed up the purification process,but also simplify the SPE operation.A UPLC/MS/MS was used for the determination of polyphenols ...     

Synthesis of amide libraries with immobilized HOBt

Highly reactive N-acylating solid-phase reagents based on macroporous polystyrene-bound 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (P-HOBt) and silica-bound 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (Si-HOBt) were prepared and compared for reactivity by synthesis of small combinatorial libraries of acetamides and benzamides.     

不同批次复方木鸡颗粒中无机元素的差异分析

目的通过测定8批复方木鸡颗粒中无机元素的含量,拟从无机成分的角度探讨复方木鸡颗粒的特征元素。方法采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS),以半定量分析的方式测定8批次复方木鸡颗粒无机元素的含量,建立复方木鸡颗粒无机轮廓谱,并对其差异元素中的重金属元素和人体有益元素进行全定量测定,同时,采用聚类分析和主成分分析,对其特征元素进行评价。结果构建了复方木鸡颗粒无机元素的轮廓谱,通过聚类分析和主成分分析共找到6个特征元素,包括Ca、Mg、Mn、K、Cr、Ni。结论从无机成分的角度明确了复方木颗粒的特征元素,为进一步探究复方木鸡颗粒的药效研究提供理论依据。     

主成分回归一紫外光度法同时测定盐酸西替利嗪和苯甲酸钠

提出了一种用紫外光度法同时测定盐酸西替利嗪和苯甲酸钠的方法.在pH 4.56的B-R缓冲溶液中对盐酸西替利嗪和苯甲酸钠两组分混合溶液进行吸光度测定,所得的重叠光谱数据用主成分回归法(PCR)和偏最小二乘法(PLS)等化学计量学方法进行处理,结果表明主成分回归(PCR)的预报误差最小.对实际样品进行测定,回收率为88.8...     

Study of urinary nucleosides as biological marker in cancer patients analyzed by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography

Thirteen normal and modified nucleosides, primarily degradation products of transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA), were evaluated as potential tumor markers for cancer patients. Their urinary concentrations were determined by means of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) in the urine from 54 healthy adults and 70 cancer patients, then quantitatively expressed as a function of creatinine excretion. It was found that urinary nucleosides for cancer patients were on the average significantly higher than those for healthy controls, however, no significant differences were found between male and female or between different ages. Based on 13 urinary nucleoside concentrations, principal component analysis (PCA) could be used to classify 72% of cancer patients from the healthy controls. The present study shows that the precise measurement of urinary nucleosides by MEKC in combining with PCA technique may provide a clinically useful approach for diagnosis of cancer.     

乙肝解毒胶囊中5种有效成分的胶束电动色谱-质谱联用法测定

建立了胶束电动色谱-电喷雾电离质谱联用法同时测定乙肝解毒胶囊中的小檗碱、巴马汀、药根碱、黄芩苷、大黄素5种药效成分含量的分析方法。使用未涂层石英毛细管,以30 mmol/L月桂酸-70mmol/L氨水溶液(含20%乙腈,pH10.0)为缓冲液、70%异丙醇(含3 mmol/L乙酸)为鞘液。结果表明,在18 min内各组分达到基线分离,小檗碱、巴马汀、药根碱、黄芩苷、大黄素的线性范围分别为0.02~20、0.05~15、0.05~10、2.0~500、0.02~15 mg/L,检出限分别为0.007、0.02、0.02、0.60、0.006 mg/L。样品的加标回收率为95%~104%,相对标准偏差均小于3.9%。方法简便、快速、灵敏,已成功用于乙肝解毒胶囊中小檗碱、巴马汀、药根碱、黄芩苷、大黄素含量的同时测定。     

显微共聚焦拉曼光谱结合群分析的黑色直液笔墨迹鉴别研究

黑色直液笔是一种新型书写工具,目前对该种笔墨迹的相关研究较少。为给文件检验工作中墨迹的分析提供新的参考依据,本实验使用显微共聚焦拉曼光谱技术,采集了30支不同品牌、型号的黑色直液笔墨迹光谱数据,进行Savitzky-Golay卷积平滑处理后,依据光谱图的拉曼位移及拉曼谱峰差异对墨迹进行初步分析。设置聚类方法为组间联接,区间距离测量方式为平方欧式距离,对采集的光谱数据进行群分析,将30支黑色直液笔墨迹样本分成了3类,并与品牌建立了相关联系;同时通过主成分分析验证了群分析的可靠性和准确性。研究表明,显微共聚焦拉曼光谱技术结合群分析方法可实现对黑色直液笔墨迹的无损分析及有效鉴别,该方法操作简便、结果准确,适用于法庭科学文件检验。