Ion-selective electrode for gallium determination in nickel alloy, fly-ash and biological samples

A poly(vinyl chloride)-based membrane of 2,9-dimethyl-4,11-diphenyl-1,5,8,12-tetraazacyclotetradeca-1,4,8,11-tetraene (DDTCT) with sodium tetraphenyl borate (STB) as an anion excluder and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dibutyl butylphosphonate (DBBP), tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEP) and tributyl phosphate (TBP) as plasticizing solvent mediators was prepared and investigated as a Ga(III)-selective electrode. The best performance was observed with the membrane having the ligand-PVC-DBP-STB composition 1:4:1:1, which worked well over a wide concentration range (1.45 × 10⁻⁶ to 0.1 mol L⁻¹) with a Nernstian slope of 28.7 mV per decade of activity between pH 4.0 and 10.0. This electrode showed a fast response time of 12 s and was used over a period of 100 days with good reproducibility (s = 0.3 mV). The selectivity coefficients for monovalent, divalent and trivalent cations indicate excellent selectivity for Ga(III) ions over a large number of cations. Anions such as Cl⁻ and SO₄²⁻ do not interfere and the electrode also works satisfactorily in partially water-alcohol medium. The practical utility of the membrane sensor has also been observed in solutions contaminated with detergents, i.e., cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulfate and used for the determination of gallium in nickel alloy, fly-ash and biological samples.     

Adsorptive Voltammetry of Polyelectrolyte Complex Between 11‐Ferrocenyltrimethylundecylammonium and Polyanions at Carbon Paste Electrode

For polyelectrolyte complex between cationic surfactant and polyanion, the adsorptive voltammetry at carbon paste electrode using an electroactive cationic surfactant was examined. The adsorption state of the cationic surfactant in the complexes at CPE was estimated from the half‐height width of the oxidation waves. The half‐height width for poly(styrene sulfonate) was independent of the molecular weight, and was same as that for poly(vinyl sulfate). The half‐height width for heparin was broad and different from that of the vinyl polyanions. According to the analysis by Frumkin isotherm, the interaction between cationic surfactants was attractive in heparin complex at CPE, however, in the vinyl polyanion complexes at CPE the interaction was non‐cooperative as that predicted with the Langmuir isotherm. In spite of the same adsorption state, the concentration dependency of the peak current for poly(styrene sulfonate) was quite different from that for poly(vinyl sulfate). The concentration dependence indicated the reactive property of each polyanion on the association with the cationic surfactant in aqueous solution.     

高校课程评估方案设计的原则

开展课程建设和课程评估工作是保证高校人才培养质量的有效策略，而制定科学的课程评估方案则是高校开展课程建设的核心问题。当前课程评估工作中存在对评估缺乏正确的认识、指标的封闭性、过程缺乏规范性、结论缺乏动态性等方面的问题。因此，课程评估方案的设计应遵循科学性、目标性、基础性、信度和效度、定性与定量相结合、以评促建的原则。     

关于完善高校内部审计机制的思考

通过对建立与完善高等学校内部审计机制的必要性及内部审计机构设置的阐述,来分析如何发挥高校内部审计机制的作用。     

用遗传算法模拟复杂最优网络的自然涌现过程

为了模拟复杂最优网络从树演化到完备图的整个过程，解决现有邻接节点编码方法只适用于低密度网络，而传统的交叉变异方法又有大量不可行解的问题，提出了基于三角阵的变长基因编码方法和段间交叉、段内变异平衡的交叉变异方法．该编码方法只记录对称邻接矩阵中三角阵的信息，反映了无向网络的所有可能变化，因而编码串长度适中，网络边数不需限制，可以模拟网络从树到完备图的整个演化过程．段间交叉只交换节点一级近邻的连接方式，段内变异平衡对边进行重绕，这既符合遗传算法的要求，又保证了网络的连通性．模拟结果表明，与邻接节点编码和传统交叉变异方法相比，所提方法适用范围更广，收敛速度较快．     

城市建筑复合绿化方法研究

探讨了当代城市中绿化建设的理想化模式,对城市复合绿化模式进行了比较、分析,并结合建筑师爱米利奥的覆盖理论,提出了与建筑空间紧密结合的,多层次、多维度的复合绿化模式.针对当前城市绿化中仅注重局部利益,忽视整体效益的弊病,提倡将城市绿化及建筑两大系统加以整合,突出其综合效益的最大化.     

三价铕掺杂的聚酰亚胺纳米复合物的制备

将荧光性能优异的Eu(acac)3(络合物A)与EDTA双酐掺杂在4,4 二氨基二苯甲烷形成的聚酰亚胺(PI)中制备了发光纳米复合材料.荧光测定结果表明,材料荧光强度随Eu3 掺杂浓度的增加而增大;从透射电镜照片观察到络合物A在含PI溶液中是以粒径介于100～200nm的纳米球存在,而且可以明显看到每个小球都被PI包覆,厚度大约为6nm,形成了核壳结构.     

高等教育中的研究型学习

学习的重要方式是读书,研究的重要方式是写作,而写作与创新密切相关.在大学教学中,应提倡和培养研究型读书.这包括周密而审视的独立式读书法和互惠的合作式读书法.这样的读书还可以配以一些写作活动,来进一步深化学习与研究.在当前的高等教育中,不仅要强调理念上的正确治学之道,更要注重其方法,将其落到实处.     

用MATLAB编程求解Zn(Ⅱ)-NH4Cl-NH3-H2O体系热力学模型

应用MATALAB语言编写程序建立Zn(Ⅱ)-NH4Cl-NH3-H2O体系的多元非线性热力学模型并求解其热力学关系. 模型中共有pH值、游离氨浓度、总氨浓度、溶液中总锌浓度、总氯浓度和游离氯离子浓度 6个变量, 共有锌量、氨量、氯量和电荷平衡4个方程. 根据电算指数法, 模型中各离子浓度之间服从对数和指数关系. 输入需求解的方程及其边界条件, 求出总氨浓度和总氯浓度分别在0～10 mol/L范围内变化时, 其他未知数随之变化的关系, 并绘制各种重要的热力学关系图, 包括各种立体图和二维图. 对用MATLAB求解模型和用BASIC求解模型的所得结果以及与氧化锌溶解度实验所得结果之间的差异进行分析. 结果表明, 用MATLAB编程求解冶金多元非线性热力学模型, 过程简单, 所得结果精确可靠, 根据计算所得数值可方便地绘制成各种图形, 便于进行冶金分析.     

一种三元配合物的合成和晶体结构

邻香草醛、乙醇胺、8-羟基喹啉与硫酸氧钒反应,得到氧钒西夫碱三元配合物,(C39H42C12N4O12V2)中心原子钒(Ⅳ)与六个原子配位,形成了畸变的八面体结构.所得晶体属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群.晶体学参数为: a=12.724 (13) 10-10m,b=13.297(13) 10-10m,c=13.458(13) 10-10m, (=85.079(19)°, (=70.696(19)°,(=72.788(17)°, Z=2, Dc=1.507mg·m-3, F(000)=960, R1=0.0742, wR2=0.2108.