Metabolic profiling of normal and hypertensive rat kidney tissues by hrMAS-NMR spectroscopy

Intact kidney tissue samples of normal and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were analyzed by hrMAS-NMR spectroscopy and principal component analysis (PCA). Radial components (cortex, outer stripe of the outer medulla, inner stripe of the outer medulla, and papilla) were sampled from various regions across the kidney from multiple animals in order to establish inter- and intra-animal variability. The effects of temperature were also measured. Papilla was differentiated from the other tissue types, and this variation by tissue type was greater than the effect of temperature on the samples (spectra were compared from samples at 2 and 30 °C). This study also revealed long term stability issues of tissue storage at -80 °C. The PCA showed that the greatest differentiation between normal rats and SHRs was found in the cortex and the regions in the NMR spectra that were correlated with this variation were identified.Abbreviations hrMAS High-resolution magic angle spinning - NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance - PCA Principal component analysis - CSA Chemical shift anisotropy - DD Dipolar coupling - SHR Spontaneously hypertensive rat     

Fractal behavior in trapping and reaction: A random walk study

We investigate the trapping of a random walker in fractal structures (Sierpinski gaskets) with randomly distributed traps. The survival probability is determined from the number of distinct sites visited in the trap-free fractals. We show that the short-time behavior and the long-time tails of the survival probability are governed by the spectral dimensiond. We interpolate between these two limits by introducing a scaling law. An extension of the theory, which includes a continuous-time random walk on fractals, is discussed as well as the case of direct trapping. The latter case is shown to be governed by the fractal dimensiond.     

RATE OF INTRA-MOLECULAR CONTACT FORMATION IN SHORT TWO-DIMENSIONAL COMPACT POLYMERS CHAINS

It is important to know the rate of intra-molecular contact formation in proteins in order to understand how proteins fold clearly. Here we investigate the rate of intra-molecular contact formation in short two-dimensional compact polymer chains by calculating the probability distribution p(r) of end-to-end distance r using the enumeration calculation method and HP model on two-dimensional square lattice. The probability distribution of end-to-end distance p(r) of short two-dimensional compact polymers chains may consist of two parts, i.e. p(r) = p1(r) p2(r), where p1(r) and p2(r) are different for small r. The rate of contact formation decreases monotonically with the number of bonds N, and the rate approximately conforms to the scaling relation of k(N) ∝ N-α. Here the value of α increases with the contact radius a and it also depends on the percentage of H (hydrophobic) residues in the sequences of compact chains and the energy parameters of εHH, εHP and εPP . Some comparisons of theoretical predictions with experimental results are also made. This investigation may help us to understand the protein folding.     

High-resolution solid-state MAS 73Ge NMR spectra of some organogermanes

High-resolution solid-state magic angle spinning (73)Ge NMR spectra of some organogermanium compounds were measured. Most tetrasubstituted germanes with identical substituents exhibited signals except for one case. Tetrasubstituted germanes with two kinds of different but somewhat similar substituents exhibited broad peaks. Trisubstituted germanes failed to show signals, indicating the importance of symmetry around germanium.     

MEASUREMENTS OF CHAIN INTERPENETRATION OF POLYMER GLASSES

The concept of entanglement provides the basis of our current understanding of the flow behavior of polymer melts, Current techniques developed to investigate the degree of interpenetration of polymer chains only provide indirectly the information of the degree of entanglement in a relatively large scale （several to tens of nanometer）. In this article, we report ^1H-NMR spectroscopy with dipolar filters under fast magic angle spinning for probing chain interpenetration of polymer glasses at the molecular level.     

A new route for the functionalisation of wood through transesterification reactions

A novel transesterification reaction between acetylated maritime pine sapwood (Pinus pinaster Soland) and methyl benzoate (MB), in the presence of dibutyltin oxide (DBTO) as a catalyst, was performed. Reaction was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance cross-polarisation with magic-angle spinning (NMR CP MAS) analysis: signals corresponding to benzoylated wood were identified and, when transesterification was performed with ethyl trimethylsilylacetate (ETMSA), characteristic trimethylsilyl groups were detected. The acetyl/benzoyl exchange rate was found to increase with increasing amount of DBTO, temperature and reaction time and a concurrent deterioration of the woody material was evidenced.     

颅骨弹性模量时效性的实验研究

采用猪颅骨为实验材料，使用应变电测法对颅骨各层弹性模量随风干时间的变化规律进行了实验研究。实验结果表明：密质骨弹性模量约是松质骨弹性模量的2．5倍，松质骨对颅骨弹性模量的影响有限；猪颅骨单层密质骨和整体的弹性模量相差约13．9％；冷冻后经室温下自然解冻的猪颅骨单层密质骨的弹性模量变化量相当于新鲜密质骨的9．2％，单纯板障松质骨片的变化量为17％，去掉一层密质骨后的颅骨片变化量为18．1％，整体猪颅骨片的变化量为15．6％；由于各生物体颅骨结构基本相同。由此可知，如果在人颅骨上也能得到相似的结论，在进行有关人颅骨研究时可大大延长同一块颅骨的使用时间。或者可以用风干颅骨、解冻后风干颅骨来代替新鲜骨，然后根据其时效特性对实验数据进行修正，这样会大大降低实验成本和难度。     

集聚纺集聚区须条等截面部分的力学分析

通过对集聚区内须条的集聚过程分析，建立须条的受力模型，发现须条在集聚过程中会产生附加捻度，并且对影响须条附加捻度的各种因素：异型管开槽长度、负压大小、须条和网格套圈间的摩擦因数以及异型管的曲率半径进行了分析。设计相关实验对集聚区内须条的力学模型进行了验证。结果表明所建立的集聚区内须条的力学模型是正确的。     

二醋酯纤维的结构特性

采用DSC、X-射线衍射和密度梯度管等技术研究了二醋酯纤维的结晶、取向等结构特性，初步探讨了不同纺丝工艺对纤维结构特性的影响，发现：二醋酯纤维存在两种晶型结构，结晶度和取向度都较低；以相同二醋片为原料时，纺丝工艺对纤维的结构特性有影响但不明显，而烟用纺丝工艺和纺织用纺丝工艺之间的差别对纤维结构特性的影响则相对较大。     

成丝的速度与方式和蜘蛛丝力学性能的关系

为了分析蜘蛛丝的力学性能和成丝条件间的关系,研究了不同速度下人工卷取的蜘蛛牵引丝以及蜘蛛垂直下落时分泌的牵引丝的力学性能.研究结果表明,随着卷取速度的增大,蜘蛛丝的断裂强度有一极大值,在高速卷取时强度的变化较低速时平缓.垂直下落时蜘蛛分泌的牵引丝的综合力学性能优异,但断裂强度不一定大于人工卷取的丝.成丝速度和成丝方式都对蜘蛛丝的性能有很大影响.