滴水湖浮游植物群落结构特征及对其水质评价

通过2009年1、4、7、10月对滴水湖浮游植物进行4次调查采样,研究滴水湖浮游植物群落结构特征,评价滴水湖水质现状.共鉴定浮游植物96种,隶属于8门48属.其中绿藻门种类居首位,有21属51种;其次为硅藻门11属20种;蓝藻门8属16种;隐藻门2属3种;裸藻门2属2种;金藻门2属2种;甲藻门1属1种;黄藻门1属1种.平均数量生物量是2054.28×104个/L,其中绿藻比例最高,占总量的41%;其次是硅藻,占总量的30.5%;蓝藻第三,占总量的16.5%;其他藻类所占比例较小.根据浮游植物群落结构并结合部分理化指标对湖区进行水质评价,结果显示滴水湖水质属于中-富营养.     

金佛山4种植物群落下表土炭屑特征初步分析

通过对比分析金佛山4种植被下表土炭屑形态和大小,揭示出森林群落与草本群落表土炭屑存在着较明显的差异.从炭屑形态上来区分:亚高山草甸表土中炭屑较薄,大部分为长方形或长条形,且其纵向边缘平直,横向断口一端相对平直,另一端较参差;森林群落下表土炭屑都较厚,多为近圆形或矩形,边缘参差不齐.炭屑大小上主要表现为:森林群落表土炭屑较小,平均L/W值为1.56±0.05,且L/W值大于3的炭屑不超过10%;亚高山草甸群落表土炭屑L/W值为1.77±0.10,且仍有超过10%的炭屑L/W值大于3.     

喜鹊在山地次生林中鸟类群落组织结构形成的作用

通过山地次生林鸟类群落组织结构的研究,表明喜鹊在鸟类群落组织形成中是关键类群之一.关键类群是通过巢地资源的被利用来实现的.5年中,利用喜鹊巢繁殖的鸟类达5种,利用率为25%~40.7%.     

基于专利引用和文本信息的自动驾驶技术演化

通过分析自动驾驶技术领域专利的引用信息和文本信息,结合社区发现、LDA（latent Dirichlet allocation）主题建模、主路径分析方法,针对自动驾驶专利数据集的特点建立分析框架进行自动驾驶技术演化分析。应用上述方法可以有效识别自动驾驶技术领域的主题分布,弥补传统单一方法不能反映技术全貌的缺陷。我国需重点突破多源传感器融合感知、复杂环境智能决策控制、车路协同、人机交互等关键技术;在测试和自动泊车技术上处于技术领先;在定位、高精度地图、执行机构、运动控制、硬件计算平台技术上处于技术跟随。     

湖北网湖湿地自然保护区两栖爬行动物资源调查

2004年对湖北省阳新县网湖湿地自然保护区的两栖类和爬行类进行了系统调查,分别记录到两栖类27种、爬行类38种．对它们的物种组成、地理区系特点和保护等级进行了研究,并提出了保护建议．     

岩溶地区马尾松群落成因研究

对广西岩溶山区生态重建示范点都安县三只羊乡岜马屯和全州县白宝乡行水田村的两个马尾松(Pinus massoniana)群落的外貌及结构特征、种类组成、土壤状况等进行了调查分析和相似性对比研究,并与砂、页岩地区的马尾松群落进行比较.得出:在特殊的情况下岩溶地区的碳酸盐岩地层的土壤形成酸性,是岩溶山区能形成马尾松群落的主要原因.     

Postdiagenetic Changes in Kerogen Properties and Type by Bacterial Oxidation and Dehydrogenation

A significant part of organic carbon found on the earth is deposited as fossil organic matter in the lithosphere. The most important reservoir of carbon is shale rocks enriched with organic matter in the form of kerogen created during diagenesis. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether the bacterial communities currently inhabiting the shale rocks have had any impact on the properties and type of kerogen. We used the shale rock located on the Fore-Sudetic Monocline, which is characterized by oil-prone kerogen type II. We were able to show that shale rock inhabited by bacterial communities are characterized by oxidized and dehydrated kerogen type III (gas-prone) and type IV (nonproductive, residual, and hydrogen-free). Bacterial communities inhabiting shale rock were dominated by heterotrophs of the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria phyla. Additionally, we detected a number of protein sequences in the metaproteomes of bacterial communities matched with enzymes involved in the oxidative metabolism of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, which may potentially contribute to the postdiagenetic oxidation and dehydrogenation of kerogen. The kerogen transformation contributes to the mobilization of fossil carbon in the form of extractable bitumen dominated by oxidized organic compounds.     

Epistemic Communities under Active Inference

The spread of ideas is a fundamental concern of today’s news ecology. Understanding the dynamics of the spread of information and its co-option by interested parties is of critical importance. Research on this topic has shown that individuals tend to cluster in echo-chambers and are driven by confirmation bias. In this paper, we leverage the active inference framework to provide an in silico model of confirmation bias and its effect on echo-chamber formation. We build a model based on active inference, where agents tend to sample information in order to justify their own view of reality, which eventually leads to them to have a high degree of certainty about their own beliefs. We show that, once agents have reached a certain level of certainty about their beliefs, it becomes very difficult to get them to change their views. This system of self-confirming beliefs is upheld and reinforced by the evolving relationship between an agent’s beliefs and observations, which over time will continue to provide evidence for their ingrained ideas about the world. The epistemic communities that are consolidated by these shared beliefs, in turn, tend to produce perceptions of reality that reinforce those shared beliefs. We provide an active inference account of this community formation mechanism. We postulate that agents are driven by the epistemic value that they obtain from sampling or observing the behaviours of other agents. Inspired by digital social networks like Twitter, we build a generative model in which agents generate observable social claims or posts (e.g., ‘tweets’) while reading the socially observable claims of other agents that lend support to one of two mutually exclusive abstract topics. Agents can choose which other agent they pay attention to at each timestep, and crucially who they attend to and what they choose to read influences their beliefs about the world. Agents also assess their local network’s perspective, influencing which kinds of posts they expect to see other agents making. The model was built and simulated using the freely available Python package pymdp. The proposed active inference model can reproduce the formation of echo-chambers over social networks, and gives us insight into the cognitive processes that lead to this phenomenon.     

围填海工程对日照岚山港附近海域浮游动物群落影响研究

以2005-2019年秋季在日照岚山港附近海域6次浮游动物的调查资料为基础,结合该海域同期悬浮物监测结果,分析其浮游动物种类结构组成、种类数量、丰度、生物量以及香浓-威纳指数的变化,并初步探讨日照岚山港围填海工程对邻近海域浮游动物群落的影响。结果表明：2005-2019年日照岚山港附近海域秋季浮游动物种类组成比例和其他各项指数在一定范围内波动,其中,种类数和丰度呈先升高后降低再升高的趋势,生物量和多样性指数呈先升高后降低的趋势。浮游动物优势类群比例、种类数量和丰度与围填海工程进展存在一定的响应关系,生物量和香浓-威纳指数与围填海工程进展关系不明显。日照岚山港围填海工程会造成附近海域浮游动物优势类群改变,种类数量和丰度减少,围填海停止后优势类群、种类数量和丰度均有所恢复。     

Phylogenetic characterization of a mixed microbial community capable of degrading carbon tetrachloride

Two bacterial communities (NO92 and GBS) capable of degrading carbon tetrachloride (CT) were enriched from in-house CT-contaminated water. These communities are able to degrade CT in the presence of toluene. To characterize the community structure and diversity, one enrichment (NO92) was subjected to 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene-based molecular analysis. The 16S rRNA genes were amplified from the bulk genomic community DNA and cloned into plasmid vectors. Unique 16S rRNA gene clones, i.e., phylotypes, were detected by four tetrameric restriction enzymes. Together, 123 16S rRNA gene clones were obtained; thirty-one showed different restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns. About 73% of the clones belong to two dominant RFLP patterns. Phylogenetic analysis based on the partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of 10 major phylotypes showed that all the phylotypes that were sequenced were affiliated with the high G+C Gram-positive bacteria. Whereas seven of the phylotypes (∼80% of the clones) were closely related to Rhodococcus, the other three (∼5% of the clones) were related to Curtobacterium. These results suggest that this CT-degrading community is diverse but is predominated by closely related bacterial groups.