The Linear Optical Unambiguous Discrimination of Hyperentangled Bell States Assisted by Time Bin

A linear optical unambiguous discrimination of hyperentangled Bell states is proposed for two‐photon systems entangled in both the polarization and momentum degrees of freedom (DOFs) assisted by time bin. This unambiguous discrimination scheme can completely identify 16 orthogonal hyperentangled Bell states using only linear optical elements, where the function of the auxiliary entangled Bell state is replaced by time bin. Moreover, the possibility of extending this scheme for distinguishing hyperentangled Bell states in n DOFs is discussed, and it shows that $2^{n+k+1}$ hyperentangled Bell states in n ( $n\ge 2$) DOFs can be distinguished with k ( $k<n$) auxiliary entangled states of additional DOFs by introducing a time delay, which decreases the auxiliary entanglement resource required for unambiguous discrimination of hyperentangled Bell state. Therefore, this scheme provides a new way for distinguishing hyperentangled states with current technology, which will extend the application of discrimination of hyperentangled states via linear optics to other quantum information protocols besides hyperdense coding schemes in the future.     

无线携能通信系统中基于能量获取比例公平的波束成形设计

针对无线携能通信系统中存在能量获取不均衡的问题, 提出了一种基于能量获取比例公平的波束成形设计方案. 该方案在满足信息接收者的信干噪比以及发送端的最大发送功率等约束条件的基础上, 通过优化波束矢量实现能量获取的比例公平. 此设计在数学上是一个很难直接求解的非凸优化问题.为此, 本文首先利用半定松弛技术将其转换为半定规划问题, 然后结合二分法提出了可以获得最优波束矢量的迭代算法.此外, 在发送端仅知道部分信道状态信息且知道信道误差范围的情况下, 采用最差性能最优的方法对原优化问题进行了鲁棒波束成形设计, 并提出了相应的迭代算法. 仿真结果表明所提算法均可实现能量获取的比例公平且性能达到全局最优.     

Stochastic resonance in perspective

Summary We outline the historical development of stochastic resonance (SR), a phenomenon in which the signal and/or the signal-to-noise ratio in a nonlinear system increase with increasing intensity of noise. We discuss basic theoretical ideas explaining and describing SR, and we review some revealing experimental data that place SR within the wider context of statistical physics. We emphasize the close relationship of SR to some effects that are well known in condensed-matter physics. Paper presented at the International Workshop ?Fluctuations in Physics and Biology: Stochastic Resonance, Signal Processing and Related Phenomena?, Elba, 5–10 June 1994.     

二能级原子自发辐射过程中的Wigner-Yanse偏振信息

研究了单个二能级原子自发辐射过程中原子和光场的Wigner-Yanse信息的变化情况. 分别计算了原子和辐射场的Wigner-Yanse信息. 结果表明：原子和光场的Wigner-Yanse信息都依赖于的平均值 , 并且当原子处于基态时, 光场的Wigner-Yanse信息达到最大值. 此外, 还发现原子与光场并不是同步地达到最大混合态.     

Lost in diversification

As financial instruments grow in complexity, more and more information is neglected by risk optimization practices. This brings down a curtain of opacity on the origination of risk, which has been one of the main culprits in the 2007–2008 global financial crisis. We discuss how the loss of transparency may be quantified in bits, using information theoretic concepts. We find i) that financial transformations imply large information losses, ii) that portfolios are more information sensitive than individual stocks only if fundamental analysis is sufficiently informative on the co-movement of assets, iii) that securitisation, in the relevant range of parameters, yields assets that are less information sensitive than the original stocks, and iv) that, when diversification (or securitisation) is at its best (i.e. when assets are uncorrelated), information losses are maximal. We also address the issue of whether pricing schemes can be introduced to deal with information losses. This is relevant for the transmission of incentives to gather information on the risk origination side. Within a simple mean variance scheme, we find that market incentives are not generally sufficient to make information harvesting sustainable.     

用于扩展目标自适应光学校正的相关波前传感器的理论和实验

研究了使用非相干、扩展光源的波前误差测量技术，分析了使用强度透过串型像面掩模的扩展目标相关波前探测原理，讨论了模拟目标的选择问题，探讨了根据目标图像生成像面掩模图像、进而制作像面掩模的方法，给出了所生成的像面掩模图像的典型结果，进行了以强度透过率型掩模为特征的单子孔径扩展目标波前传感器原理实验，比较了两种不同掩模的波前探测效果，获得了与理论分析一致的实验结果。     

21世纪的光学和光电子学讲座第三讲信息网络与半导体光电子学

文章从光信息的传输、交换与处理、存储与读出、获取与显示等重要技术领域的发展,介绍了半导体信息光电子学的现状以及在未来信息网络发展中的关键地位．     

纠缠态原子与相干光场作用的量子信息保真度

研究了初始处于纠缠态的双原子与相干光场的相互作用。结果表明,不同的失谐量和初始平均光子数使得系统、原子和光场的量子信息保真度发生改变。     

基于六粒子纠缠态和Bell态测量的量子信息分离

通过介绍六粒子纠缠态的新应用研究,提出了一个二粒子任意态的信息分离方案.在这个方案中,发送者Alice、控制者Charlie和接受者Bob共享一个六粒子纠缠态,发送者先执行两次Bell基测量|然后控制者执行一次Bell基测量|最后接受者根据发送者和控制者的测量结果,对自己拥有的粒子做适当的幺正变换,从而能够重建要发送的二粒子任意态.这个信息分离方案是决定性的,即成功概率为100%.与使用相同的量子信道进行二粒子任意态的信息分离方案相比,本文提出的方案只需要进行Bell基测量而不需要执行多粒子的联合测量,从而使得这个方案更简单、更容易,并且在目前的实验室技术条件下是能够实现的.     

利用区域信息的航拍图像分割

提出一种利用区域信息的航拍图像分割模型。针对GAC模型和Chan-Vese模型存在的不足,提出一种符号压力函数,该符号压力函数可以有效地增大模型的作用范围。与Chan-Vese模型相比,新模型不受初始条件的限制,进一步增大了模型的作用范围。新模型利用了图像的区域信息,可以同时将目标的内外边界分割出来。在新模型中,水平集函数不必初始化为符号距离函数,节省了计算开销。与传统的基于水平集方法的模型相比,新模型不含曲率项,实现简单。实验结果表明,与GAC模型和Chan-Vese模型相比,新模型的分割精度高于3%,分割速度快6倍以上。