Studies on induction hardening of powder-metallurgy-processed Fe-Cr/Mo alloys

Induction hardening of dense Fe-Cr/Mo alloys processed via the powder-metallurgy route was studied. The Fe-3Cr-0.5Mo, Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo, and Fe-0.85Mo pre-alloyed powders were mixed with 0.4wt%, 0.6wt%, and 0.8wt% C and compacted at 500, 600, and 700 MPa, respectively. The compacts were sintered at 1473 K for 1 h and then cooled at 6 K/min. Ferrite with pearlite was mostly observed in the sintered alloys with 0.4wt% C, whereas a carbide network was also present in the alloys with 0.8wt% C. Graphite at prior particle boundaries led to deterioration of the mechanical properties of alloys with 0.8wt% C, whereas no significant induction hardening was achieved in alloys with 0.4wt% C. Among the investigated samples, alloys with 0.6wt% C exhibited the highest strength and ductility and were found to be suitable for induction hardening. The hardening was carried out at a frequency of 2.0 kHz for 2-3 s. A case depth of 2.5 mm was achieved while maintaining the bulk (interior) hardness of approximately HV 230. A martensitic structure was observed on the outer periphery of the samples. The hardness varied from HV 600 to HV 375 from the sample surface to the interior of the case hardened region. The best combination of properties and hardening depth was achieved in case of the Fe-1.5Cr-0.2Mo alloy with 0.6wt% C.     

特殊条件下巷道锚索支护结构与参数研究

现场采集五家沟矿5#煤层及顶板煤岩试样,实验室测定其力学参数。运用数值模拟方法,研究简式桁架锚索与单体锚索不同组合结构围岩控制效果,得出厚煤顶块裂煤巷简式桁架锚索关键支护参数。结合工程类比法设计5#煤层辅运大巷简式桁架锚索与单体锚索"交错布置"组合支护方案。实测顶底板相对移近量152 mm、两帮移近量125 mm,围岩控制效果良好。     

Fe-8/11Mn-4Al-0.2C钢的力学性能及应变硬化行为

对Fe-8Mn-4Al-0.2C(8Mn)和Fe-11Mn-4Al-0.2C(11Mn)实验钢进行不同温度的淬火热处理,实现奥氏体体积分数和稳定性的最优化.通过拉伸实验可得,8Mn钢和11Mn钢在淬火温度为750℃时,获得最佳的力学性能组合,即强塑积为46.4 GPa%和66.9 GPa%.8Mn-750试样和11Mn-750试样在拉伸过程中表现出相同的三阶段应变硬化行为.通过XRD测定变形过程中奥氏体体积分数的变化,研究发现TRIP效应主要发生在变形的第二和第三阶段.11Mn-750试样由于具有更高的奥氏体含量、转变量和稳定性,使得其塑性远远高于8Mn-750试样.     

预应力加载条件下零件干磨削表面强化层特征

采用预应力复合干磨削加工技术,对未调质45#钢试件在不同预应力加载条件下实施表面磨削淬硬,观测不同磨削深度和进给速度条件下的试件表层金相组织,测量并分析试件在不同预应力条件下磨削淬硬层厚度、金相组织的变化状况,并通过试件截面不同位置硬度测定显示淬硬层厚度及金相成分的变化,得到试件施加预应力对淬硬强化层厚度的影响规律.研究表明,预应力淬硬磨削能使工件表面产生强化层,且大的磨削深度和小的进给速度有利于试件表面发生相变强化以及表层塑性变形的增大.     

Dislocation-density-based constitutive modelling of tensile flow and work-hardening behaviour of P92 steel

The flow and work-hardening behaviour of tempered martensitic P92 steel have been investigated using phenomenological constitutive model in the temperature range 300–873 K for the strain rates ranging from 3.16 × 10^?5 to 1.26 × 10^?3 s^?1. The analysis indicated that the hybrid model reduced to Estrin–Mecking (E–M) one-internal-variable model at intermediate and high temperatures. Further, the analysis also indicated that dislocation dense martensite lath/cell boundaries and precipitates together act as effective barriers to dislocation glide in P92 steel. The flow behaviour of the steel was adequately described by the E–M approach for the range of temperatures and strain rates examined. Three distinct temperature regimes have been obtained for the variations in work-hardening parameters with respect to temperature and strain rate. Signatures of dynamic strain ageing in terms of the anomalous variations in work-hardening parameters at intermediate temperatures and the dominance of dynamic recovery at high temperatures have been observed. The evaluation of activation energy suggested that deformation is controlled by the dominance of cross-slip of dislocations at room and intermediate temperatures, and climb of dislocations at high temperatures.     

Efficient monooleoyl glycerol synthesis employing hybrid ultrasonic-infrared-wave promoted reactor: Concurrent catalytic and noncatalytic esterification kinetics

For the first time, intensification of monooleoyl glycerol (MOG) synthesis has been investigated in an ultrasonic-infrared-wave (USIRW) promoted batch reactor. Esterification of octadecanoic acid (ODA) with glycerol (Gl) has been conducted [using Amberlyst 36 wet catalyst] in three different reactors, namely traditional batch reactor (TBR), infrared wave promoted batch reactor (IRWPBR), and USIRW-promoted batch reactor (USIRWPBR) to assess the relative efficacy. The energy-efficient USIRWPBR remarkably intensifies the ODA-Gl esterification as manifested through superior ODA conversion (92.5 ± 1.25%) compared to that achieved in IRWPBR (79.8 ± 1.2%) and TBR (36.39 ± 1.25%). The most favorable reaction condition for optimum ODA conversion and maximum MOG yield was identified through statistical optimization over a selected parametric range, namely 3-5 Gl/ODA mole ratio, 0.004-0.006 g/mL Amberlyst 36 catalyst concentration, 300-700 rpm impeller speed, and 333-353 K reaction temperature. The present study also reports the formulation and validation of an innovative reaction kinetics, that is, concurrent noncatalytic and heterogeneously catalyzed (CNCHC) reaction mechanism in addition to the conventional heterogeneous kinetic models (LH and Eley-Rideal mechanisms). Under combined USIRW, the CNCHC esterification mechanism could best describe ODA-Gl esterification (R² = 0.98) compared to LH (R² = 0.97) and Eley-Rideal (R² = 0.88) mechanisms. The optimal product (MOG) was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis to assess its crystallization property and thermal stability for possible application as plasticizer/fuel additives.     

沿空留巷联合支护技术研究

基于巷旁支护前期的切顶作用以及后期支护体的高支撑力的要求,通过综合技术比较和经济比较,提出了一种将切顶支柱和间隔＂编织袋＂混凝土墙联合布置使用的方案。＂编织袋＂混凝土在充填采空区提供高强支撑力的同时可以有效防止采空区矸石冲击切顶支柱。工程实践表明,在采场顶板坚硬出现悬顶的中厚煤层中,该方案是一种理想的沿空留巷技术。     

A Tensile Strain Hardening Test Indicator of Environmental Stress Cracking Resistance

Environmental stress cracking resistance (ESCR) is an important indicator of performance for high density polyethylene (HDPE) in structural and polymer pipe applications. The commonly used test for determining ESCR of HDPE can be time consuming and rather imprecise. A tensile strain hardening test was recently proposed to offer a faster way to characterize ESCR of polyethylene. In this paper, a practical approach is adopted whereby the test is extended to room temperature and shown to relate reliably to the ESCR of HDPE. Several HDPE resins (including pipe‐grade resins) are analyzed at strain rates of 0.5 mm/min and 7 mm/min to compare the effect of strain rate. Comparisons between the conventional ESCR test method and the strain hardening test show that strain hardening can be used to rank ESCR of HDPE in a reliable fashion. In our study the more direct measure of “hardening stiffness” is used to compare resins instead of strain hardening modulus. Because no true stress‐strain measurement is needed, this is a much simpler test method than other methods previously suggested. In addition, the use of the natural drawing ratio (NDR) as ESCR ranking indicator is examined. Results show that NDR can also be employed as a strain rate‐independent indicator of ESCR of HDPE. The test proposed herein is practical, simple and precise, and hence a more reliable indicator of ESCR performance of HDPE.     

酸催化溶胶-凝胶法制备高强度SiO2增透膜研究进展

高强度增透膜是用于减少表面反射、增加光线透光率的薄膜,具有密度低、折射率可调、耐磨性好的特点.本文综述了高强度增透膜的制备方法与研究进展,介绍了酸催化溶胶-凝胶法制备SiO2溶胶的机理及影响因素,酸催化溶胶-凝胶法及两种辅助酸催化溶胶-凝胶法制备高强度增透膜的方法,对高强增透膜制备的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望.     

Alginate‐Based Microcapsules with a Molecule Recognition Linker and Photosensitizer for the Combined Cancer Treatment

A reactive template method was used to fabricate alginate‐based hydrogel microcapsules. The uniform and well‐dispersed hydrogel capsules have a high drug loading capacity. After they are coated by a folate‐linked lipid mixture on the surface, the capsules possess higher cell uptake efficiency by the molecule recognition between folate and the folate‐receptor overexpressed by the cancer cells. Moreover, in this bioconjugate, the lipid could remarkably reduce the release rate of hydrophilic doxorubicin from the hydrogel microcapsules and encapsulate the hydrophobic photosensitizer hypocrellin B. The biointerfaced capsules could be used as drug carriers for combined treatment against cancer cell proliferation in vitro; this was much more effective than chemotherapy or photodynamic therapy alone.