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991.
Ayushi Trivedi Ram Janay Choudhary Arijeet Das Sanjay Kumar Rai Manoj Kumar Tiwari Anil Kumar Sinha 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2020,52(9):533-540
We hereby report detailed structural and morphological studies for an ultrathin NiO/ZnO bilayer structure grown on sapphire (001) substrate using pulsed laser deposition technique. The combined X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and grazing incidence X-ray fluorescence (GIXRF) studies revealed formation of a low-density defective ZnO interfacial layer of thickness ~32 Å at the ZnO/sapphire interface prior to growth of main ZnO layer. Our results further indicate that the variation of electron density across the NiO/ZnO bilayer structure is smooth and we do not observe presence of any interface layer between them. X-ray diffraction measurements show that deposited ZnO layer is epitaxial in nature whereas NiO is highly oriented along (100) direction. The angle dependent X-ray absorption near edge fine structure (XANES) measurements at Ni–K edge has been utilized to determine depth-resolved oxidation state of Ni and the results have been correlated with the depth-resolved electron density of NiO layer. The method described here offers nondestructive determination of the microstructural parameters as well as depth-resolved mapping of oxidation state of a thin film-based heterojunction device. It extends several advantages over destructive methods which are abundantly reported in literature. 相似文献
992.
Laminar combined free and forced convection together with radiation transfer in flow of steam at 68 bar through rods in triangular and square arrays have been investigated numerically. The pitch to diameter ratio has been varied from 1.2 to 2.0. Heat transfer results have been obtained for both up and down forced flow influenced by bouyancy with and without the effects of variable thermophysical fluid properties. The Rosseland diffusion approximation has been used for radiative transfer. First- and second-orde r density changes have been investigated. 相似文献
993.
994.
In this paper we investigate the combined free and forced convection of a fully developed Newtonian fluid within a vertical channel composed of porous media when viscous dissipation effects are taken into consideration. The flow is analysed in the region of a first critical Rayleigh number in order to interpret the multiple-valued solutions and discuss their validity. The governing fourth-order, ordinary differential equation, which contains the Darcy and the viscous dissipation terms, is solved analytically using perturbation techniques and numerically using D02HBF NAG Library. A detailed investigation of the governing O.D.E. is performed on both clear fluid and porous medium for various values of the viscous dissipation parameter, , when the wall temperature decreases linearly with height, and the pressure gradient is both above and below its hydrostatic value. Although mathematically the results in all cases show that there are two solution branches, producing four possible solutions, the study of the velocity and buoyancy profiles together with the Darcy effect indicate that only one of the two solutions at any value of the Rayleigh number appears to be physically acceptable. It is shown that the effect of the Darcy number decreases as the critical Rayleigh numbers increase. 相似文献
995.
利用生命表函数对银川市职工养老基金进行分析预测.研究近期、中期养老保险基金收支、就业、人口、城市化、老龄化的变化态势.提出保持养老保险制度健康持续发展的建议. 相似文献
996.
等级依赖效用模型在决策权重设置上存在理论缺陷;差分-等级依赖效用模型在有限理性假设下,考虑结果差分变化对决策权重的影响,提出基于差分的决策权重与概率权重的组合权重控制机制,可克服等级依赖效用模型的缺陷;针对差分-等级依赖效用模型的检验表明模型可很好解释拆分效应;差分-等级依赖效用模型保持了等级依赖效用模型的理论框架,可对人们的风险决策行为做出更好的解释和预测. 相似文献
997.
中西医结合治疗急性心肌梗塞25例临床观察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
洪少东 《广东微量元素科学》1997,4(12):59-61
为观察葛根素,硝酸甘汕结合治疗急性心肌梗塞(AMI)的疗效,将AMI患者43例随机分为两组,中西结合治疗组(中西组)25例,给予葛根素,硝酸甘油等药治疗,一般治疗组(对照组)18例,除不应用葛根素外,其余治疗均与中西组相同,结果表明,中西组的临床症状,心电图及酶学等的改善均优于对照组,中西医结合治疗AMI疗效显著,是治疗AMI是的一种有效措施。 相似文献
998.
Xie Dingyi 《Acta Mechanica Sinica》1985,1(2):138-146
In this paper, a new kind of mixed energy variational principles in linear elasticity—the combined energy variational principles
is presented. First, we define the conjugate body of an elastic body, which is obtained by changing the boundary conditions
of the elastic body. Next, we decompose the conjugate body into two component-states, construct functionals of potential energy
and complementary energy, respectively, for the component-states and define the additional hybrid energy between the component-states.
Thus the functionals of combined energy can be constructed. Three typical combined energy variational principles are demonstrated
and the other forms of combined energy variational principles are given. The application of the proposed principles to the
calculation of thin plates with complicated boundaries is shown. 相似文献
999.
The incremental constitutive relation and governing equations with combined stresses for phase transition wave propagation in a thin-walled tube are established based on the phase transition criterion considering both the hydrostatic pressure and the deviatoric stress. It is found that the centers of the initial and subsequent phase transition ellipses are shifted along the σ-axis in the στ-plane due to the tension-compression asymmetry induced by the hydrostatic pressure. The wave solution offers the "fast" and "slow" phase transition waves under combined longitudinal and torsional stresses in the phase transition region. The results show some new stress paths and wave structures in a thin-walled tube with phase transition, differing from those of conventional elastic-plastic materials. 相似文献
1000.
An experimental strain analysis of the losipescu shear test specimen was performed, utilizing a 20-ply AS4/3501-6 carbon/epoxy
unidirectional composite. Using three-element strain-gage rosettes, it was shown that the presence of loading-point-induced
transverse normal strains in the gage section do not affect the measured shear strain. Thus, the shear modulus determined
using the standard notch specimen is not affected. Likewise, modulus determination is not influenced by cracking at the notch
tips, since this occurs at strains beyond the range over which modulus is determined. To further evaluate the effect of notch-tip
cracking, material was removed adjacent to the standard V-notches where these cracks initiate. The measured shear strength
was unaffected by removing this material, although the shear modulus was reduced slightly (by as much as eight percent for
the more grossly exaggerated geometries).
E.Q. Lewis, former graduate student, is now Engineer, Lockheed Corporation. 相似文献